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Architecture and evolution of a minute plant genome
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Journal Article
Architecture and evolution of a minute plant genome
2013
Overview
The genome of the carnivorous bladderwort plant
Utricularia gibba
is described here; despite having undergone at least three rounds of whole-genome duplication, its genome is unusually small and virtually devoid of intergenic DNA.
Tiny bladderwort genome sequenced
Bladderworts are carnivorous plants found in fresh water and damp soil, where they feed on minute prey such as protozoa and rotifers. They lack clearly distinguishable roots, leaves or stems but produce tiny orchid-like flowers. The genome of one of these plants,
Utricularia gibba
, has now been sequence and analysed. The genome is unusually small (at 82 megabases), in part due to the near absence of intergenic DNA, but it encodes a typical number of genes for a plant and is sufficient to regulate the development and reproduction of a complex organism. Though Although remaining small, the genome has undergone at least three rounds of whole-genome duplication since common ancestry with tomato (
Solanum
) and grape (
Viti
s).
It has been argued that the evolution of plant genome size is principally unidirectional and increasing owing to the varied action of whole-genome duplications (WGDs) and mobile element proliferation
1
. However, extreme genome size reductions have been reported in the angiosperm family tree. Here we report the sequence of the 82-megabase genome of the carnivorous bladderwort plant
Utricularia gibba
. Despite its tiny size, the
U. gibba
genome accommodates a typical number of genes for a plant, with the main difference from other plant genomes arising from a drastic reduction in non-genic DNA. Unexpectedly, we identified at least three rounds of WGD in
U. gibba
since common ancestry with tomato (
Solanum
) and grape (
Vitis
). The compressed architecture of the
U. gibba
genome indicates that a small fraction of intergenic DNA, with few or no active retrotransposons, is sufficient to regulate and integrate all the processes required for the development and reproduction of a complex organism.
