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Chromosome evolution at the origin of the ancestral vertebrate genome
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Chromosome evolution at the origin of the ancestral vertebrate genome
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Journal Article
Chromosome evolution at the origin of the ancestral vertebrate genome
2018
Overview
Background
It has been proposed that more than 450 million years ago, two successive whole genome duplications took place in a marine chordate lineage before leading to the common ancestor of vertebrates. A precise reconstruction of these founding events would provide a framework to better understand the impact of these early whole genome duplications on extant vertebrates.
Results
We reconstruct the evolution of chromosomes at the beginning of vertebrate evolution. We first compare 61 extant animal genomes to reconstruct the highly contiguous order of genes in a 326-million-year-old ancestral
Amniota
genome. In this genome, we establish a well-supported list of duplicated genes originating from the two whole genome duplications to identify tetrads of duplicated chromosomes. From this, we reconstruct a chronology in which a pre-vertebrate genome composed of 17 chromosomes duplicated to 34 chromosomes and was subject to seven chromosome fusions before duplicating again into 54 chromosomes. After the separation of the lineage of
Gnathostomata
(jawed vertebrates) from
Cyclostomata
(extant jawless fish), four more fusions took place to form the ancestral
Euteleostomi
(bony vertebrates) genome of 50 chromosomes.
Conclusions
These results firmly establish the occurrence of two whole genome duplications in the lineage that precedes the ancestor of vertebrates, resolving in particular the ambiguity raised by the analysis of the lamprey genome. This work provides a foundation for studying the evolution of vertebrate chromosomes from the standpoint of a common ancestor and particularly the pattern of duplicate gene retention and loss that resulted in the gene composition of extant vertebrate genomes.
Publisher
BioMed Central,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
Subject
/ Animal Genetics and Genomics
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ fish
/ Genes
/ Genetics
/ genome
/ Genomes
/ Genomics
/ Mammals
/ Microbial Genetics and Genomics
/ Studies
/ Tetrads
/ Trends
