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Somatic diversification of variable lymphocyte receptors in the agnathan sea lamprey
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Somatic diversification of variable lymphocyte receptors in the agnathan sea lamprey
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Journal Article
Somatic diversification of variable lymphocyte receptors in the agnathan sea lamprey
2004
Overview
Although jawless vertebrates are apparently capable of adaptive immune responses, they have not been found to possess the recombinatorial antigen receptors shared by all jawed vertebrates. Our search for the phylogenetic roots of adaptive immunity in the lamprey has instead identified a new type of variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) composed of highly diverse leucine-rich repeats (LRR) sandwiched between amino- and carboxy-terminal LRRs. An invariant stalk region tethers the VLRs to the cell surface by means of a glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol anchor. To generate rearranged VLR genes of the diversity necessary for an anticipatory immune system, the single lamprey
VLR
locus contains a large bank of diverse LRR cassettes, available for insertion into an incomplete germline VLR gene. Individual lymphocytes express a uniquely rearranged VLR gene in monoallelic fashion. Different evolutionary strategies were thus used to generate highly diverse lymphocyte receptors through rearrangement of LRR modules in agnathans (jawless fish) and of immunoglobulin gene segments in gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates).
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ Agnatha
/ Animals
/ Biological and medical sciences
/ Fish
/ Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
/ Gene Rearrangement - genetics
/ Genetics of the immune response
/ Genome
/ Germ-Line Mutation - genetics
/ Glycosylphosphatidylinositols
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Receptors, Antigen - chemistry
/ Receptors, Antigen - genetics
/ Receptors, Antigen - immunology
/ Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid
/ Science
