Journal Article

The glycemic, insulinemic and plasma amino acid responses to equi-carbohydrate milk meals, a pilot- study of bovine and human milk

Holst, Jens J, Östman, Elin, Björck, Inger, Gunnerud, Ulrika

2012

Overview

Background Dairy proteins, in particular the whey fraction, exert insulinogenic properties and facilitate glycemic regulation through a mechanism involving elevation of certain plasma amino acids, and stimulation of incretins. Human milk is rich in whey protein and has not been investigated in this respect. Method Nine healthy volunteers were served test meals consisting of human milk, bovine milk, reconstituted bovine whey- or casein protein in random order. All test meals contributed with 25g intrinsic or added lactose, and a white wheat bread (WWB) meal was used as reference, providing 25g starch. Post-prandial levels in plasma of glucose, insulin, incretins and amino acids were investigated at time intervals for up to 2 h. Results All test meals elicited lower postprandial blood glucose responses, expressed as iAUC 0–120 min compared with the WWB (P < 0.05). The insulin response was increased following all test meals, although only significantly higher after whey. Plasma amino acids were correlated to insulin and incretin secretion (iAUC 0–60 min) (P ≤ 0.05). The lowered glycemia with the test meals (iAUC 0–90 min) was inversely correlated to GLP-1 (iAUC 0–30 min) (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion This study shows that the glycemic response was significantly lower following all milk/milk protein based test meals, in comparison with WWB. The effect appears to originate from the protein fraction and early phase plasma amino acids and incretins were involved in the insulin secretion . Despite its lower protein content, the human milk was a potent GLP-1 secretagogue and showed insulinogenic properties similar to that seen with reconstituted bovine whey-protein, possibly due to the comparatively high proportion of whey in human milk.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Adult / adverse effects / Amino acids / Amino Acids - blood / Analysis / Animals / blood / blood glucose / Blood sugar / Bovine milk / Breakfast / breast milk / Casein / Caseins / Caseins - adverse effects / Caseins - metabolism / Cattle / chemistry / Clinical Nutrition / Comparative analysis / Cross-Over Studies / Diabetes / etiology / Female / food serving methods / GIP / GLP-1 / Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 - blood / Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 - metabolism / glycemic effect / Glycemic Index / Health aspects / Health Promotion and Disease Prevention / Health Sciences / Human milk / Humans / Hyperglycemia / Hyperglycemia - etiology / Hyperglycemia - prevention & control / Hyperinsulinism / Hyperinsulinism - etiology / Hyperinsulinism - prevention & control / Hälsovetenskap / Incretins / Incretins - blood / Incretins - metabolism / insulin / insulin secretion / Intestinal Mucosa / Intestinal Mucosa - metabolism / Lactose / Male / Meals / Medical and Health Sciences / Medicin och hälsovetenskap / Medicine / Medicine & Public Health / metabolism / Milk / Milk - adverse effects / Milk - chemistry / Milk - metabolism / Milk Proteins / Milk Proteins - adverse effects / Milk Proteins - metabolism / Milk, Human / Milk, Human - chemistry / Milk, Human - metabolism / Nutrition and Dietetics / Näringslära och dietkunskap / Pancreas / Pancreas - metabolism / Pilot Projects / Plasma / prevention & control / protein content / Proteins / secretion / starch / test meals / Type 2 diabetes / volunteers / whey / Whey protein / Whey Proteins / white bread / Young Adult