Journal Article

RETRACTED: Rosmarinic Acid Attenuates the Lipopolysaccharide-Provoked Inflammatory Response of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell via Inhibition of MAPK/NF-κB Cascade

Chen, Ching-Pei, Chen, Han-Min, Kao, Shao-Hsuan, Peng, Yu-Hui, Lin, You-Cian, Lin, Jiun-Tsai

2022

Overview

Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a phenolic compound that has several bioactivities, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Here, we further investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of RA on rat A7r5 aortic smooth muscle cells with exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our findings showed that low-dose RA (10-25 μM) did not influence the cell viability and morphology of A7r5 cells and significantly inhibited LPS-induced mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory mediators TNFα, IL-8, and inducible NO synthase (iNOS). Consistently, RA reduced the production of TNFα, IL-8, and NO by A7r5 cells with exposure to LPS. Signaling cascade analysis showed that LPS induced activation of Erk, JNK, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and NF-κB, and RA treatments attenuated the activation of the three MAPKs and NF-κB. Moreover, cotreatment with RA and Erk, JNK, p38 MAPK, or NF-κB inhibitors further downregulated the mRNA expression of TNFα, IL-8, and iNOS, and decreased the production of TNFα, IL-8, and NO by A7r5 cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that RA may ameliorate the LPS-provoked inflammatory response of vascular smooth muscle cells by inhibition of MAPK/NF-κB signaling.

• Publisher: MDPI AG
• Subject: Atherosclerosis / Cytotoxicity / Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid / Hemodialysis / Inflammation / Kinases / mitogen-activated protein kinase / Morphology / NF-κB / Nitric oxide / Phosphorylation / proinflammatory response / Protein kinases / Proteins / RNA / rosmarinic acid / Smooth muscle / Tumor necrosis factor / Tumor necrosis factor-TNF / vascular smooth muscle cell / Vein & artery diseases