Journal Article

Unsteady Flow and Loading Characteristics of Rotating Spheres During Underwater Ejection

Wang, Mingyang, Zhou, Zhou, Xu, Hao, Zhang, Guiyong, Sun, Tiezhi

2025

Overview

This study systematically investigates the evolution of the flow field and cavitation behavior during the underwater launch of a rotating sphere. By comparing surface pressure distribution, cavitation evolution, flow separation locations, and re-entrant jet formation under various rotational conditions, this study reveals the significant influence of rotation on both the cavitation processes and sphere’s motion trajectory. It is found that under rotational conditions, cavity detachment tends to occur earlier on the front side, and the re-entrant jet develops more fully, reaching maximum length and intensity at a moderate angular velocity. In additionally, rotation alters the cavity interface and overall flow structure, resulting in noticeable differences in surface wetting, pressure distribution, and separation behavior between the front and rear sides. As the rotational speed increases, flow separation points become less distinct, and pressure fluctuations on the rear side intensify, indicating that rotation plays a critical role in modulating underwater cavitation dynamics. The findings provide theoretical insights into flow control and cavitation risk assessment for underwater launches of rotating bodies.

• Publisher: MDPI AG
• Subject: Angular velocity / Cavitation / cavity evolution / Evolution / Experiments / Flow control / Flow separation / Flow structures / Fluid flow / high speed underwater ejection / Influence / Ordinary differential equations / Pressure / Pressure distribution / Risk assessment / Rotating bodies / rotating sphere / Rotating spheres / Rotation / Separation / Simulation / Underwater / Unsteady flow / Velocity / Ventilation / Vortices / Wavelet transforms