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Including non‐growing season emissions of N2O in US maize could raise net CO2e emissions by 31% annually
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Including non‐growing season emissions of N2O in US maize could raise net CO2e emissions by 31% annually
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Including non‐growing season emissions of N2O in US maize could raise net CO2e emissions by 31% annually
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Journal Article
Including non‐growing season emissions of N2O in US maize could raise net CO2e emissions by 31% annually
2024
Overview
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a significant greenhouse gas and the most important currently emitted ozone depleting substance, primarily via agricultural fertilization. Current N2O emission estimation methods at the national scale are predominantly via emission factors. Models estimating national‐scale emissions are focused on growing season emissions. However, a substantial fraction of N2O can be emitted during non‐growing season periods. Using newly published off‐season N2O emission ratio maps and high‐resolution nitrogen application data, this study explores the potential magnitude of underestimated N2O emissions if using only the default growing‐season focused methodology. Although there is large variation at county scales (12%–35%), non‐growing season national emissions are estimated at 31% of the total, a potential 12,000 Gg CO2e year−1. Further work should better refine emission estimates spatially as well as fully integrate estimates across growing and non‐growing seasons. Core Ideas Offseason direct N2O emissions are significant but under‐quantified, and vary across space. Inclusion of offseason N2O raises net maize emissions 31% on average in the United States. Estimated undercounting of offseason maize N2O emissions is approximately 12,000 Gg CO2e year−1. There are significant policy implications with annual N2O, given the importance of maize to food, fuel, and fiber. Plain Language Summary Nitrous oxide (N2O) is the third most important greenhouse gas. Most comes from agriculture, and so understanding how much nitrous oxide is being produced is important to managing climate change. However, most of the time we only measure the gas during the growing season. But other times, like winter, produce N2O also. If we don't include non‐growing season times in our count, we could be underestimating N2O by around 31%. This has real implications for sustainable agriculture and biofuels, because if we are missing a lot of the greenhouse gas emissions we may make the wrong decisions about policy and management.
