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Implications of Fault‐Valve Behavior From Immediate Aftershocks Following the 2023 Mj6.5 Earthquake Beneath the Noto Peninsula, Central Japan
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Implications of Fault‐Valve Behavior From Immediate Aftershocks Following the 2023 Mj6.5 Earthquake Beneath the Noto Peninsula, Central Japan
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Implications of Fault‐Valve Behavior From Immediate Aftershocks Following the 2023 Mj6.5 Earthquake Beneath the Noto Peninsula, Central Japan
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Journal Article
Implications of Fault‐Valve Behavior From Immediate Aftershocks Following the 2023 Mj6.5 Earthquake Beneath the Noto Peninsula, Central Japan
2024
Overview
The Mj6.5 (Mw6.2) event that occurred on 5 May 2023 near the northern shoreline of the northeastern tip of the Noto Peninsula, central Japan, is the largest event to date in a long‐lasting, intense earthquake swarm. Here we have created a more precise aftershock catalog associated with the 2023 Mj6.5 and the second‐largest 2022 Mj5.4 sequence to understand the rupture process of this largest earthquake. Most of the aftershocks are aligned along a ∼45° SE‐dipping plane. The mainshock initially ruptured the same deep section of the fault zone that had been ruptured by the 2022 Mj5.4 event, before propagating rapidly to shallow depths and to offshore along the ruptured fault plane. The aftershock front migrated at a speed of ∼20 km/hr. This rapid upward migration of the immediate aftershocks might be driven by upwelling of crustal fluids along the intensely fractured and permeable fault zone via mainshock dynamic rupture. Plain Language Summary Near the northeastern tip of the Noto Peninsula, central Japan, a long‐lasting, intense earthquake swarm has continued since November 2020. On 5 May 2023, the largest Mj6.5 (Mw6.2) event to date occurred. We precisely located the aftershock distribution following the 2023 Mj6.5 and the second‐largest 2022 Mj5.4 sequence and enhanced the catalog by searching events based on waveform similarity to understand the rupture process of this largest earthquake. The 2023 Mj6.5 event initially ruptured the same deep section of the fault that had been ruptured by the 2022 Mj5.4 event, before propagating rapidly to shallow depths and to offshore along the ruptured fault. We can see that the aftershock front moved at a speed of ∼20 km/hr, which is a rare case that constrains the rapid movement of aftershocks. The rapid upward movement of the aftershocks may have been caused by the upwelling of crustal fluids along the permeable fault zone created by the dynamic rupture of the mainshock. Key Points We constructed a more precise aftershock catalog associated with the two major ruptures during a long‐lasting intense seismic swarm We identify a rapid migration of early aftershocks following the largest 2023 Mj6.5 earthquake to date during the seismic swarm Upwelling of crustal fluids along the fractured permeable fault zone could drive the rapid migration of early aftershocks
