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Bacterial quorum sensing and nitrogen cycling in rhizosphere soil
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Journal Article
Bacterial quorum sensing and nitrogen cycling in rhizosphere soil
2008
Overview
Plant photosynthate fuels carbon-limited microbial growth and activity, resulting in increased rhizosphere nitrogen (N) mineralization. Most soil organic nitrogen is macromolecular (chitin, protein, nucleotides); enzymatic depolymerization is likely rate limiting for plant nitrogen accumulation. Analyzing Avena (wild oat) planted in microcosms containing sieved field soil, we observed increased rhizosphere chitinase and protease-specific activities, bacterial cell densities, and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) compared with bulk soil. Low-molecular-weight (MW) DON (<3000 Da) was undetectable in bulk soil but comprised 15% of rhizosphere DON. Extracellular enzyme production in many bacteria requires quorum sensing (QS), cell-density-dependent group behavior. Because proteobacteria are considered major rhizosphere colonizers, we assayed the proteobacterial QS signals N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), which were significantly increased in the rhizosphere. To investigate the linkage between soil signaling and nitrogen cycling, we characterized 533 bacterial isolates from Avena rhizosphere: 24% had chitinase or protease activity and AHL production; disruption of QS in seven of eight isolates disrupted enzyme activity. Many Alphaproteobacteria were newly found with QS-controlled extracellular enzyme activity. Enhanced specific activities of nitrogen-cycling enzymes accompanied by bacterial density-dependent behaviors in rhizosphere soil gives rise to the hypothesis that QS could be a control point in the complex process of rhizosphere nitrogen mineralization.
Publisher
Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd,Blackwell Publishing Ltd,Blackwell,Oxford University Press
Subject
/ 58
/ Acyl-Butyrolactones - metabolism
/ Alphaproteobacteria - classification
/ Alphaproteobacteria - genetics
/ Alphaproteobacteria - isolation & purification
/ analysis
/ Animal, plant and microbial ecology
/ Avena
/ Avena - growth & development
/ BACTERIA
/ Bacteria - isolation & purification
/ Biological and medical sciences
/ CHITIN
/ Cycles
/ density-dependent bacterial group behavior
/ Ecology
/ ENZYMES
/ Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
/ Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
/ genetics
/ LACTONES
/ NITROGEN
/ oats
/ Peptide Hydrolases - genetics
/ Peptide Hydrolases - metabolism
/ planting
/ Protease
/ soil
/ SOILS
