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Description of a Black-throated Blue Warbler incubating an empty nest and review of this breeding anomaly in birds/Descripcion de nido vacio e incubacion de una reinita Setophaga caerulescens y revision de anomalia de reproduccion en aves
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Description of a Black-throated Blue Warbler incubating an empty nest and review of this breeding anomaly in birds/Descripcion de nido vacio e incubacion de una reinita Setophaga caerulescens y revision de anomalia de reproduccion en aves
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Description of a Black-throated Blue Warbler incubating an empty nest and review of this breeding anomaly in birds/Descripcion de nido vacio e incubacion de una reinita Setophaga caerulescens y revision de anomalia de reproduccion en aves
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Journal Article
Description of a Black-throated Blue Warbler incubating an empty nest and review of this breeding anomaly in birds/Descripcion de nido vacio e incubacion de una reinita Setophaga caerulescens y revision de anomalia de reproduccion en aves
2024
Overview
Incubation of an empty nest is a rarely detected phenomenon in birds but has been documented in a diversity of species. The causes of this breeding anomaly are unclear, but previous accounts have occurred in regions with elevated air pollution. We provide a detailed account of a female Black-throated Blue Warbler (Setophaga caerulescens) incubating an empty nest for 8 d at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA, May-June 2023, and explore possible explanations based on a literature review of this breeding anomaly. Our observation coincided with the presence of smoke from widespread wildfires in Quebec, Canada. The fires were caused by record temperatures and dry conditions. Wildfire smoke increased air particle pollution. We found 231 published accounts of 11 species incubating empty nests. Cavity-nesters in Europe comprised 45% of species (5 of 11) and 96% of accounts (225 of 231). Although many accounts lacked a clear explanation, the most common factors hypothesized to explain incubating empty nests were exposure to environmental pollution (81% of accounts, 167 of 206), calcium deficiency from environmental acidification (19% of accounts, 40 of 206), and disease and/or infertility (4% of accounts, 8 of 206). Our synthesis of published observations highlights the need for more data on individuals expressing this unusual behavior. Such data would improve our understanding of how egg laying and reproductive success respond to intrinsic and environmental factors, including wildfire emissions, which are forecasted to increase with climate change. Received 22 February 2024. Accepted 25 June 2024.
Publisher
Wilson Ornithological Society
Subject
