Journal Article

The Effect of Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Pregnant Women With Diabetes: A randomized controlled trial

DAMM, Peter, SECHER, Anna L, RINGHOLM, Lene, ANDERSEN, Henrik U, MATHIESEN, Elisabeth R

2013

Overview

To assess whether intermittent real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) improves glycemic control and pregnancy outcome in unselected women with pregestational diabetes. A total of 123 women with type 1 diabetes and 31 women with type 2 diabetes were randomized to use real-time CGM for 6 days at 8, 12, 21, 27, and 33 weeks in addition to routine care, including self-monitored plasma glucose seven times daily, or routine care only. To optimize glycemic control, real-time CGM readings were evaluated by a diabetes caregiver. HbA1c, self-monitored plasma glucose, severe hypoglycemia, and pregnancy outcomes were recorded, with large-for-gestational-age infants as the primary outcome. Women assigned to real-time CGM (n = 79) had baseline HbA1c similar to that of women in the control arm (n = 75) (median 6.6 [range 5.3-10.0] vs. 6.8% [5.3-10.7]; P = 0.67) (49 [34-86] vs. 51 mmol/mol [34-93]). Forty-nine (64%) women used real-time CGM per protocol. At 33 weeks, HbA1c (6.1 [5.1-7.8] vs. 6.1% [4.8-8.2]; P = 0.39) (43 [32-62] vs. 43 mmol/mol [29-66]) and self-monitored plasma glucose (6.2 [4.7-7.9] vs. 6.2 mmol/L [4.9-7.9]; P = 0.64) were comparable regardless of real-time CGM use, and a similar fraction of women had experienced severe hypoglycemia (16 vs. 16%; P = 0.91). The prevalence of large-for-gestational-age infants (45 vs. 34%; P = 0.19) and other perinatal outcomes were comparable between the arms. In this randomized trial, intermittent use of real-time CGM in pregnancy, in addition to self-monitored plasma glucose seven times daily, did not improve glycemic control or pregnancy outcome in women with pregestational diabetes.

• Publisher: American Diabetes Association
• Subject: Adult / Biological and medical sciences / Blood Glucose - metabolism / Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring - methods / Blood sugar monitoring / Dextrose / Diabetes / Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - blood / Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - complications / Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - drug therapy / Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood / Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications / Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy / Diabetes therapy / Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance / Diabetics / Diet / Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases) / Endocrinopathies / Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance / Female / Glucose / Glucose metabolism / Glycated Hemoglobin A - metabolism / Humans / Hypoglycemic Agents - therapeutic use / Medical sciences / Metabolic diseases / Miscellaneous / Original Research / Patient monitoring equipment / Pregnancy / Pregnancy Outcome / Public health. Hygiene / Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine / Treatment Outcome / Type 2 diabetes / Women / Young Adult