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Oil and Petroleum Evaporation
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Book Chapter
Oil and Petroleum Evaporation
2015,2014
Overview
The evaporation of oils and petroleum is explained using the concept of regulation by diffusion through the oil layer and oil surface layer. This regulation mechanism contrasts with air‐boundary‐layer regulation, which is applicable to pure and rapidly evaporating liquids such as water.
Various algorithms for oil evaporation prediction are reviewed. Models can be divided into those models that use the basis of air‐boundary‐layer regulation or those that use diffusion‐regulated evaporation. Experimental studies show that oil is not air‐boundary‐layer regulated. The fact that oil evaporation is not air‐boundary‐layer regulated, such as it is for water evaporation, implies that a simplistic evaporation equation suffices to describe the process. The following processes do not require consideration: wind velocity, turbulence level, area, and scale size. The factors important to evaporation are time and temperature.
A simplified empirical‐based model system has been described and equations for more than 200 common oils and petroleum products are given. These are based on empirical studies of oil evaporation. Most oils demonstrate evaporation behavior that varies as (a + bT)ln t, where a and b are constants, T is the temperature, and t is the time. Some oils such as diesel fuel follow an evaporation that varies as (a + bT)
√
t. The evaporation of diesel and similar fuels with time has a different curvature than most oils, especially over the short term.
Methods are given to estimate the evaporation equations when direct empirical data are not available. Prediction using distillation data is described. These result in relatively accurate predictions. As diffusion processes are also somewhat thickness dependent, an adjustment is given for thicknesses greater than about 2 mm; however, at typical sea thicknesses, thickness is not an issue.
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons,John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Subject
ISBN
0470455519, 9780470455517
