Journal Article

185 ‘The doctor doesn’t understand Xhosa and the service user doesn’t understand English’. Exploring the role of security guards acting as informal interpreters in psychiatric care in South Africa

Mösko, Mike, Swartz, Leslie, Roos, Tessa, Cossie, Qhama, Sithole, Philasande, Shongwe, Lindokuhle, Hanft-Robert, Saskia

2025

Overview

Abstract OP 4: Health Services 2, B302 (FCSH), September 3, 2025, 14:30 - 15:30 Aims Assigning qualified interpreters is considered one of the most effective approaches to facilitate communication in language-discordant encounters in mental healthcare (MHC). However, particularly in settings with fewer resources, they are not always available and informal practices are often used. This study aimed to investigate informal interpreting practices in MHC in South Africa, focusing on security guards (SGs) serving as interpreters. Methods Guided interviews were conducted with SGs (n = 12) and MHC providers (n = 18) at a psychiatric hospital in South Africa. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Results Despite recognizing that SGs serving as interpreters is not an ideal solution to overcome language barriers and could potentially jeopardize the quality of treatment and its outcomes, MHC providers reported relying heavily on them due to the underrepresentation of South Africa’s linguistic diversity among them. Given the lack of formal interpreting services, the perceived racial, linguistic and socioeconomic similarities between SGs and some service users, as well as their immediate accessibility, were described as beneficial to providing a minimal level of care. Drawbacks reported are SGs being pulled away from their actual duties, experiencing emotional distress, juggling multiple sometimes conflicting roles, and the risk of incorrect interpretation, which could compromise ethical standards of care. Additionally, the complexity of power became apparent: While SGs hold little institutional power within the mental healthcare system, they become powerful figures when serving as interpreters. Conclusions It can be assumed that MHC providers will resort to informal interpreting practices as long as effective alternatives are lacking. In doing so, risks such as reduced quality of care are accepted, and the consequences and effects on those serving as interpreters are neglected, which raises concerns from an ethical point of view.

• Publisher: Oxford University Press
• Subject: Access / Clinical standards / Codes of conduct / Emotional distress / Ethical standards / Ethics / Guards / Health care / Health services / Informal care / Interpreters / Interviews / Linguistics / Mental health services / Oral Presentations / Power / Psychological distress / Quality of care / Security / Security personnel / Xhosa language