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微润灌水头压力对温室番茄生长及水分利用效率的影响
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Journal Article
微润灌水头压力对温室番茄生长及水分利用效率的影响
2019
Overview
【目的】探明微润灌条件下温室番茄适宜的水头压力，提高水分利用效率。【方法】以滴灌灌溉为对照（CK），设置水头压力1 m（T1）、1.5 m（T2）、2 m（T3）、2.5 m（T4）4种试验处理，研究了微润灌条件下不同水头压力对土壤水分分布、番茄生长、耗水规律、产量及水分利用效率的影响。【结果】微润灌水头压力显著影响土壤含水率和湿润区范围，与滴灌处理相比，微润灌处理土壤含水率始终处于较高状态，形成持续稳定的水分环境；T1、T2、T3、T4处理定植100 d的土壤含水率较定植20 d的下降24.9%、21.54%、19.18%和16.93%，水头压力越高，下降幅度越小，土壤水分环境越稳定；定植初期，滴灌土壤水分环境对植株生长有利，番茄生长较好，随着生育期的延长，微润灌地埋优势充分发挥，后期微润灌番茄生长明显优于滴灌处理；在整个生育期内，番茄株高及茎粗的生长量、生长速率均随着水头压力的提高逐渐增大；番茄在开花坐果期和结果盛期耗水量较大，苗期和结果末期耗水量相对较低，全生育期T1、T2、T3、T4处理耗水量分别为192.3、216.4、235.8、262.3 mm，水头压力越高，耗水量越大；各处理水分利用效率表现为CK< T4处理< T1处理< T2处理< T3处理。【结论】相比于滴灌，微润灌可显著提高番茄的水分利用效率，水头压力为2 m时，同时获得较高的番茄产量和水分利用效率。
