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Spatial and temporal variation of baseflow index in New Zealand
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Spatial and temporal variation of baseflow index in New Zealand
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Journal Article
Spatial and temporal variation of baseflow index in New Zealand
2025
Overview
The baseflow index (BFI) is the ratio of long-term mean baseflow to total streamflow, where baseflow is the portion of streamflow sustained between precipitation events. Understanding spatial and temporal variation in the BFI is of key importance in river ecology and water resource planning and management. Here a benchmark suite of 92 river flow monitoring sites with long records in natural or near-natural basins was compiled. Spatial patterns of mean annual BFI values, ranging from 0.27 to 0.86 with an average of 0.57, were identified and are strongly influenced by geological conditions. Annual mean streamflow, quickflow, baseflow and BFI results for each site were examined visually and statistically for temporal trends and shifts for the first time nationwide. No significant trends in BFI and other flow values were detected except at sites, omitted from the final suite, where activities such as streamflow abstraction and land use change have impacted streamflow. No significant shifts in BFI values were found but were detected in streamflow, quickflow and baseflow at many sites in the South Island. Shifts, up and down, match changes in phase of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation and also match shifts in relevant streamflow- generating annual mean rainfall values. The major findings of this study are of key importance in understanding future flow regimes and in planning and management of water resources in New Zealand. This applies particularly to streamflow abstraction, the impacts of agricultural activity on surface and groundwater water quality and the preservation of aquatic ecosystems.
