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Knowledge about oral health, salivary PH, body mass index and its relationship with dental caries in preschool children
Knowledge about oral health, salivary PH, body mass index and its relationship with dental caries in preschool children
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Knowledge about oral health, salivary PH, body mass index and its relationship with dental caries in preschool children
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Knowledge about oral health, salivary PH, body mass index and its relationship with dental caries in preschool children
Knowledge about oral health, salivary PH, body mass index and its relationship with dental caries in preschool children
Journal Article

Knowledge about oral health, salivary PH, body mass index and its relationship with dental caries in preschool children

2021
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Overview
Introduction: Dental caries is a disease caused by the interaction of several factors, including diet, since the development of the biological environment that promotes cariogenic bacterial metabolism often depends on it. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of caries in preschool children from Huaura, Peru, and to confirm if there is an association between their salivary pH and body mass index (BMI) and the level of knowledge about oral health of one of their parents. Materials and methods: A non-experimental, correlational, and cross-sectional study was conducted in 126 preschoolers equally distributed in 3 age groups (3, 4, and 5 years old). The association between the presence of caries and the variables considered was determined by means of the chi-square test of independence, with a confidence level of 95% and a type I error of 5%. In addition, a multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the probability of caries development in relation to each risk factor. Results: The prevalence of caries was 80.2% (95%CI:73.2-87.2); furthermore, salivary pH (p=0.012) and the level of parental knowledge (p<0.001) were significantly associated with caries occurrence. Regarding the multiple regression analysis, an OR=0.12 (95%CI:0.02-0.63) was obtained for pH and an OR=0.50 (95%CI:0.35-0.74) for the level of parental knowledge in relation to the probability of caries development. Conclusion: The level of parental knowledge about oral health and high salivary pH levels of preschoolers were protective factors against caries development in the study population. On the other hand, no association was found between BMI and the presence of caries in 5-year-old preschoolers. Introducción. La caries dental es una condición causada por la interacción de múltiples factores, entre ellos la dieta, ya que, con frecuencia, de ella depende el desarrollo del medio biológico propicio para el metabolismo bacteriano cariogénico. Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de caries en preescolares de Huaura, Perú, y confirmar si hay una asociación con el pH salival y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) de los preescolares, y con el nivel de conocimiento en salud bucal de uno de sus padres. Materiales y métodos. Estudio no experimental, correlacional y transversal realizado en 126 preescolares distribuidos equitativamente en 3 grupos etarios (3, 4 y 5 años). La asociación entre presencia de caries y las variables consideradas se determinó mediante la prueba de independencia de chi cuadrado, con un nivel de confianza del 95% y error tipo I del 5%; además, se realizó un análisis de regresión logística múltiple para calcular la probabilidad de ocurrencia de caries en relación con cada factor de riesgo. Resultados. La prevalencia de caries fue de 80.2% (IC95%:73.2-87.2); además, el pH salival (p=0.012) y el nivel de conocimiento de los padres (p<0.001) se asociaron significativamente con la ocurrencia de caries. En cuanto al análisis de regresión múltiple, se obtuvo un OR=0.12 (IC95%:0.02-0.63) para el pH y un OR=0.50 (IC95%:0.35-0.74) para el nivel de conocimiento de los padres en relación con la probabilidad de presentar caries. Conclusión. El nivel de conocimiento sobre salud bucal de los padres y los niveles altos de pH salival de los preescolares fueron factores protectores frente al desarrollo de caries en la población de estudio. Por otra parte, no se encontró asociación entre IMC y presencia de caries en los preescolares de 5 años.