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Comparing contrasting cases in problem-solving first activities. Insights into analytical solution quality
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Comparing contrasting cases in problem-solving first activities. Insights into analytical solution quality
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Comparing contrasting cases in problem-solving first activities. Insights into analytical solution quality
Comparing contrasting cases in problem-solving first activities. Insights into analytical solution quality
Journal Article

Comparing contrasting cases in problem-solving first activities. Insights into analytical solution quality

2024
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Overview
In educational research, there are promising findings which suggest it is useful to have students work on a task before instruction takes place. This also involves using task formats that follow the principle of comparison with and without predefined categories. To date, few studies have evaluated the learning processes induced by comparing contrasting cases before instruction takes place. As comparing requires further analytic cognitive processes, such as recognizing, differentiating, and organizing, a construct based on analytic competence was developed to evaluate 149 student teachers’ task solutions using qualitative content analysis. One experimental group compared cases using self-generated categories (invention activity); the other group was given categories to compare the cases (worked solution). After comparing the cases, the students were introduced to classroom management, a topic that is relevant for prospective teachers. The purpose of this task was to acquire knowledge about and develop a professional vision of classroom management. In addition, to evaluating participants’ task solutions, a standardized questionnaire was used to collect data on the extrinsic and intrinsic cognitive load of the students. Students in the worked solution condition achieved significantly higher analytic solution quality and experienced significantly lower intrinsic cognitive load than students in the invention activity condition. Both experimental groups perceived an average low extrinsic cognitive load. (DIPF/Orig.) In der Lehr-Lernforschung gibt es vielversprechende Befunde, nach denen es sinnvoll erscheint, Lernende eine Aufgabe bearbeiten zu lassen, bevor die Instruktion erfolgt. Dabei kommen auch Aufgabenformate zum Einsatz, die dem Prinzip des Vergleichens mit und ohne vorgegebene Kategorien folgen. Bisher liegen wenige Studien zur Auswertung von Lernprozessen vor, die durch das Vergleichen kontrastierender Fälle ausgelöst werden, bevor die Instruktion erfolgt. Da Vergleichen analytischer kognitiver Prozesse wie erkennen, differenzieren und organisieren bedarf, wurde ein Konstrukt basierend auf der Analysekompetenz entwickelt, um 149 Aufgabenbearbeitungen von Lehramtsstudierenden mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse auszuwerten. Eine Experimentalgruppe verglich die Fälle mittels selbstentwickelter Kategorien (Invention Activity), die andere Gruppe erhielt Kategorien, um die Fälle zu vergleichen (Worked Solution). Nachdem die Studierenden die Fälle verglichen hatten, erhielten sie eine Einführung in das für angehende Lehrpersonen bedeutsame Thema Klassenführung. Ziel der Aufgabe war es Wissen zu Klassenführung zu erwerben sowie die professionelle Wahrnehmung von Klassenführung anzubahnen. Zusätzlich zur Auswertung der Aufgaben wurden mithilfe eines standardisierten Fragebogens Daten zur extrinsischen und intrinsischen kognitiven Belastung der Studierenden erhoben. Die Studierenden in der Bedingung Worked Solution erreichten eine signifikant höhere analytische Bearbeitungsqualität und empfanden eine signifikant geringere intrinsische kognitive Belastung als die Studierenden in der Bedingung Invention Activity. Beide Experimentalgruppen nahmen eine durchschnittlich geringe extrinsische kognitive Belastung wahr. (DIPF/Orig.)