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Improvement of Visual Acuity and Complications Following Nd: YAG Laser Capsulotomy for Posterior Capsular Opacification in Diabetics and Age-matched Normals
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Improvement of Visual Acuity and Complications Following Nd: YAG Laser Capsulotomy for Posterior Capsular Opacification in Diabetics and Age-matched Normals
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Improvement of Visual Acuity and Complications Following Nd: YAG Laser Capsulotomy for Posterior Capsular Opacification in Diabetics and Age-matched Normals
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Dissertation
Improvement of Visual Acuity and Complications Following Nd: YAG Laser Capsulotomy for Posterior Capsular Opacification in Diabetics and Age-matched Normals
2015
Overview
Background and objectives:Posterior capsular opacification is the most common complication after cataract surgery. Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy remains the cornerstone of its treatment. This study is undertaken to assess the visual outcome and complications following Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy and compare the results between diabetics and age- matched normals.Methods:This is a prospective study of 50 patients (25 diabetics and 25 non-diabetics), conducted in Chigateri General Hospital and Bapuji Hospital, attached to J.J.M. Medical College, Davangere. All patients aged 35 years and above, who presented to the outpatient department with visually significant posterior capsular opacification underwent Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy. Patients were followed up on first week and first month and improvement in BCVA and occurrence of complications were assessed.Results:96% patients who underwent Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy for PCO showed improvement in visual acuity. The BCVA at first month (54% had ≥6/12) was found to be better than at first week (44% had ≥6/12). The final BCVA at one month was found to be better in non-diabetics (68% had ≥6/12) compared to diabetics (40% had ≥6/12). 34% diabetics and 36% non diabetic patients showed a rise in IOP at first week follow up and return to baseline values at 1 month follow up, the pattern of change in IOP being similar in both the groups. Corneal damage was noted in 1 patient of the non-diabetic group. 3 diabetics and 3 non-diabetic patients developed iritis. IOL pitting was seen in 2 diabetics and 2 non-diabetic patients. One diabetic patient developed cystoid macular edema. One diabetic patient developed disruption of anterior hyaloid face. More no. of complications were noted in the diabetic group.Interpretation and Conclusion:Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy effectively improves the visual acuity in patients with visually significant PCO. It is associated with a transient rise in IOP. Diabetics are prone to develop more complications like cystoid macular edema. The comparatively poor visual outcome in the diabetic group can be attributed to the associated retinopathy changes.
