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Solid matrix turfgrass seed priming effects on imbibition, germination, emergence, growth rate, and post-storage viability
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Solid matrix turfgrass seed priming effects on imbibition, germination, emergence, growth rate, and post-storage viability
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Dissertation
Solid matrix turfgrass seed priming effects on imbibition, germination, emergence, growth rate, and post-storage viability
1994
Overview
Seedling emergence is a critical stage in turfgrass establishment, influencing the management and use of turfs. A series of field, controlled-environment, and laboratory experiments was conducted to determine solid matrix priming (SMP) effects on turfgrass species and cultivars. Seedling emergence was investigated under field conditions for three cool-season species, 11 cultivars of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) (KBG), 7 cultivars of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) (PR), and 7 cultivars of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) (TF), and three warm-season species. Priming reduced time required for emergence and improved final emergence. The degree of effects varied among species and cultivars, and under different environmental conditions. The greatest priming responses appeared in slow-emergence species under cool temperatures. Seedling emergence and growth rate of four KBG cultivars were determined under sub-optimal conditions (15/5 $\\sp\\circ$ C). Distributions of coleoptile emergence over time were significantly affected by priming, and time to 50% emergence (T $\\sb{50}$ ) was shortened by 5 to 14 days in three cultivars. In contrast, the rate of second and third leaf emergence and seedling size at 28-day after emergence did not increase, indicating no priming effects on growth rate. Priming effects on germination and post-storage viability were determined using 26 cultivars of KBG, PR, TF, and creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.). Final germination of primed seed increased in some cultivars but decreased in others; however, post-storage viability declined sharply in some primed cultivars compared to controls. Primed seed of PR and TF cultivars especially lost their viability (up to 86%), even under controlled conditions. To facilitate an understanding of the mechanism of priming effects, water imbibition of seed was examined under water potentials ranging from 0.0 to$-$ 1.5 MPa at 25, 15, and 5 $\\sp\\circ$ C using four KBG cultivars. Primed seed imbibed more water at a faster rate and released less electrolytes than untreated seed, especially under sub-optimal conditions. The more rapid germination of primed seed was partially attributed to more rapid water imbibition. Priming can provide practical benefits in turfgrass establishment.
