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Ramadam Fatet vs. John Jucker. Trials and forgery in Egypt, Syria and Tuscany (1739-1740)
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Ramadam Fatet vs. John Jucker. Trials and forgery in Egypt, Syria and Tuscany (1739-1740)
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Journal Article
Ramadam Fatet vs. John Jucker. Trials and forgery in Egypt, Syria and Tuscany (1739-1740)
2013
Overview
ABSTRACT IN ITALIAN: Questo saggio affronta il caso di una serie di processi che, nel 1739-40, videto contrapposti nel tribunale del Governatore di Livorno e in quello pisano dei Consoli del mare un capitano inglese e un sopracarico egiziano. Esamina la spinosa questione del livello di fiducia che esisteva nel commercio inter religioso, tentando di capire in che modo una semplice controversia sullo scarico - una disputa sulle merci frequente e relativamente banale - finisse per essere qualificata come frode o dolo e come, a sua volta, scatenasse una serie di accuse di pratiche fraudolente quali contraffazione, mancata relazione, carico recuperato, spergiuro, malafede, cavillo legale, ecc. Questo caso mette in luce fino a che punto le diverse pratiche di frode fossero intricate, definendo un genus di frode, piuttosto che una species di frode. Esso inoltre consente di analizzare varie «soglie di lite», ovvero le tappe della disputa, lite e aperto conflitto, caratterizzate dalla radicalizzazione delle pretese delle due parti, un graduale incremento dell'aggressività verbale fino al suggerimento della violenza fisica. L09 // ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: This article presents a detailed case study of trials between an English ship captain and an Egyptian supercargo (sopracarico) who opposed each other in the courts of the Governor of Livorno and of the Pisan Sea Consuls in 1739-1740. It deals with the thorny question of levels of trust involved in cross-religious trade, trying to understand how a simple disagreement over the unloading of cargo, that is a common and relatively benign freight dispute, could end up qualified as fraud, or dolus; and how this, in turn, triggered a series of accusations of other fraudulent practices, like forgery, failure to report salvaged cargo, perjury, bad faith, legal chicanery, etc. This affair shows how these different practices of fraud become entangled, designating a genus of fraud rather than a species of fraud. Moreover, it allows us to analyze several 'litigious thresholds', that is the main stages between dispute, litigation and open conflict, characterized by the radicalization of both litigants' claims, a gradual increase in verbal aggressiveness and even the suggestion of physical violence.
