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7 result(s) for "李晟"
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英國、臺灣、馬來西亞戶外冒險教育發展之 比較分析 A Comparative Analysis on Outdoor Adventure Education Development in England, Taiwan, and Malaysia
戶外冒險教育作為一個教育哲學,在不同國家有著不同的發展脈絡與實踐。本研究聚焦在三個國家的教育系統,進行戶外冒險教育發展和實施的探究,旨在協助戶外冒險教育的發展與推動,透過文件分析的方式,比較分析英格蘭、臺灣和馬來西亞學校課程的演變與教育發展。本研究採用P. Bourdieu實踐理論(theory of practice)中的習性、場域和資本概念,協助研究者在不同的社會與教育背景下探究其教育發展。本研究藉由四個主題—「立法和指導」、 「課程安排」、「教育規範與價值觀」與「戶外冒險教育的態度」,探討其學校教育與高等教育之相似性與相異處。結果發現戶外冒險教育的發展在學校教育與高等教育間未存在連貫性。此外,本研究亦指出,馬來西亞教育部有必要以更全面的方式重新審視戶外冒險教育在學校教育的實施。總而言之,本研究強調在不同教育系統中發展戶外冒險教育時應考慮文化、社會和政策背景的重要性。 Outdoor Adventure Education (OAE) as an educational philosophy has varying levels of development and practices across different countries. This cross-cultural study explored the development and interpretation of OAE in academic systems of three countries, namely England, Taiwan, and Malaysia. The goal of this research was to provide insight into the development of OAE profiling measures by comparing the curricula of these countries’ schools. The study was based on document analysis with a comparative cultural perspective. The ideas of habitus, field, and capital articulated by Bourdieu were integrated as major supplements to illustrate the cultural patterns linked to bodily movements. The investigation uncovered both parallels and divergences in the development and conceptualization of OAE within the three nations, and discussed the context in both university and schooling sectors within four generated themes: “legislation and guidance,” “curriculum arrangement,” “pursuit of educational norms and values,” and “attitude toward OAE.” A notable disconnection between schools and universities regarding OAE initiatives was observed in Malaysia. Additionally, the study highlighted the significance of considering cultural, societal, and policy contexts in shaping the landscape of OAE in diverse educational systems. The findings of the study recommend that the Ministry of Education of Malaysia reassess the implementation of OAE in a more holistic manner.
A Comparative Analysis on Outdoor Adventure Education Development in England, Taiwan, and Malaysia
Outdoor Adventure Education (OAE) as an educational philosophy has varying levels of development and practices across different countries. This cross-cultural study explored the development and interpretation of OAE in academic systems of three countries, namely England, Taiwan, and Malaysia. The goal of this research was to provide insight into the development of OAE profiling measures by comparing the curricula of these countries' schools. The study was based on document analysis with a comparative cultural perspective. The ideas of habitus, field, and capital articulated by Bourdieu were integrated as major supplements to illustrate the cultural patterns linked to bodily movements. The investigation uncovered both parallels and divergences in the development and conceptualization of OAE within the three nations, and discussed the context in both university and schooling sectors within four generated themes: "legislation and guidance," "curriculum arrangement," "pursuit of educational norms and values," and "attitude toward OAE." A notable disconnection between schools and universities regarding OAE initiatives was observed in Malaysia. Additionally, the study highlighted the significance of considering cultural, societal, and policy contexts in shaping the landscape of OAE in diverse educational systems. The findings of the study recommend that the Ministry of Education of Malaysia reassess the implementation of OAE in a more holistic manner.
中国三北地区2011—2020年大中型兽类多样性红外相机调查状况与评估
大中型兽类是生态系统中具有标识性和重要生态功能的动物类群,了解三北地区大中型兽类物种的组成与分布现状是三北地区生物多样性保护的基础。本研究基于全面的文献检索,以中国三北地区体质量≥1 kg的陆生兽类物种为目标类群,汇总整理了2011—2020年中国三北地区目标兽类的分布数据,以红外相机实地调查的观测记录为主体,共收集到文献与数据集376份,汇总物种记录2 158条。结果显示:在三北地区2011—2020年共记录到分属6目15科的目标兽类68种,占全国目标兽类物种总数的48.23%。其中,被列为国家一级和二级重点保护野生动物的兽类分别有29种和27种,被中国红色名录评估为受威胁(CR、EN、VU)的物种有40种。三北地区中,西北地区是记录目标类群兽类物种数最多(63种)的区域,甘肃则是记录物种数最多(49种)的省级行政区。在不同动物地理分区中,青藏区是记录物种数(41种)最多的区域,内蒙古高原区的记录物种数最少(22种)。新疆是记录目标类群兽类平均体质量(81.11 kg)最大的省级行政区。三北地区目前共记录到6种大型顶级食肉动物,而北京、天津、辽宁三省市无大型顶级食肉动物记录。本研究的结果可以加深我们对近10年三北地区兽类资源现状的了解,为后续三北地区兽类物种的多样性编目更新,以及受威胁物种的研究与保护管理工作提供重要的基础资料。
中国三北地区2011-2020年大中型兽类多样性红外相机调查状况与评估
Q958.1; 大中型兽类是生态系统中具有标识性和重要生态功能的动物类群,了解三北地区大中型兽类物种的组成与分布现状是三北地区生物多样性保护的基础.本研究基于全面的文献检索,以中国三北地区体质量≥1 kg的陆生兽类物种为目标类群,汇总整理了2011-2020年中国三北地区目标兽类的分布数据,以红外相机实地调查的观测记录为主体,共收集到文献与数据集375份,汇总物种记录2 158条.结果显示:2011-2020年在三北地区共记录到分属6目15科的目标兽类68种,占全国目标兽类物种总数的48.23%.其中,被列为国家一级和二级重点保护野生动物的兽类分别有29种和27种,被中国红色名录评估为受威胁(CR、EN、VU)的物种有40种.在三北地区中,西北地区是记录目标类群兽类物种数最多(63种)的区域,甘肃则是记录物种数最多(49种)的省级行政区.在不同动物地理分区中,青藏区是记录物种数最多(41种)的区域,内蒙古高原区记录物种数最少(22种).新疆是记录目标类群兽类平均体质量最大(81.11 kg)的省级行政区.三北地区目前共记录到6种大型顶级食肉动物,而北京、天津和辽宁三省市无大型顶级食肉动物记录.本研究结果有助于增进对近10年来三北地区兽类资源现状的认识,为后续三北地区兽类物种的多样性编目更新,以及受威胁物种的研究与保护管理工作提供重要的基础资料.
利用生物声学指标评估暗针叶林鸣禽围攻事件中的鸣声特征
利用鸣声播放实验,并结合自动录音技术,综合使用多种声学指数,探究亚高山森林生态系统中,森林鸣禽在围攻事件中鸣声的声学特征及其变化规律.2021 年夏季,在四川王朗国家级自然保护区冷云杉暗针叶林中分别播放领鸺鹠(Glaucidium brodiei)鸣声和暗绿柳莺(Phylloscopus trochiloides)报警鸣叫来引发鸣禽围攻,使用自动录音设备记录播放期间及播放前后在实验位点上自由活动的森林鸣禽的鸣声.设置 12 个位点,每个位点进行领鸺鹠和暗绿柳莺播放实验各一次.24 次实验共记录到分属 3 目 17 科的 28 种鸟类参与围攻行为,实验录音总有效时长为 1057 分钟.对围攻行为的观察和对录音记录的声学指数分析结果表明:1)领鸺鹠鸣声和柳莺报警鸣叫都可以有效地引发鸣禽的围攻行为,柳莺类与山雀类鸣禽是参与围攻的主体;2)两种鸣声播放期间,森林鸣禽的鸣声声强均显著高于播放前(领鸺鹠鸣声实验 SPLavg =-31.02±4.87 dB(播放期间),SPLavg =-42.74±4.68 dB(播放前空白段),p = 0.001;暗绿柳莺报警鸣叫回放实验 SPLavg =-33.26±4.05 dB(播放期间),SPLavg =-46.38±4.54 dB(播放前空白段),p = 0.001),鸣声复杂度均显著低于播放前(领鸺鹠鸣声实验 H = 0.76±0.02(播放期间),H = 0.80±0.03(播放前空白段),p = 0.001;暗绿柳莺报警鸣叫回放实验 H = 0.77±0.02(播放期间),H = 0.82±0.02(播放前空白段),p = 0.001);3)播放领鸺鹠鸣声或暗绿柳莺报警鸣叫并未引发声学指数变化程度的显著不同.研究结果从声学层面为鸟类行为研究提供新的思路,同时为大范围的声景监测数据提供新的行为学应用场景.
果子狸多态性微卫星位点的筛选及特性分析
以采自四川平武县老河沟自然保护区的一份果子狸(Paguma larvata)组织样品为实验材料,通过FIASCO法构建微卫星文库,对250个单克隆进行测序分析,获得147条含微卫星序列的片段,微卫星单元重复次数大于10的序列共有42条.据此设计引物42对,进一步使用21份果子狸样品检测这些引物的扩增能力和扩增序列多态性,最终得到5个多态性微卫星位点.同时,对已发表的13个果子狸微卫星位点进行检测,发现其中5个位点具有多态性.对这10个位点的特性进行分析,结果显示它们具有较高的多态性(等位基因数为2~11,观测杂合度为0.286~0.737,期望杂合度为0.358~0.906);PID和PID-sib值表明,在约109个没有亲缘关系的个体或104个有亲缘关系的个体中,可能发现一对基因型相同的个体,由于果子狸野外局域种群规模远低于这个量级,这10个微卫星位点可用于果子狸的个体识别.
卧龙国家级自然保护区食肉动物多样性及部分物种的食性分析
2018年3月—2019年1月,在卧龙国家级自然保护区三江片区和其他3个重要区域布设120个红外相机监测点对食肉动物(Carnivora)进行调查,以了解保护区内食肉动物的物种组成与垂直分布;依据粪便采样与DNA宏条形码分析,对粪便产生者及其食物种类进行鉴定,了解重要物种的食物组成和同域分布物种间的捕食关系。结果表明:在卧龙保护区共记录到13种食肉动物,其中分布海拔跨度最高的物种为猪獾(Arctonyx collaris),其次为豹猫(Prionailurus bengalensis)与黄喉貂(Martes flavigula);分布海拔跨度最小的物种为小熊猫(Ailurus fulgens),其次为狼(Canis lupus)、大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)与香鼬(Mustela altaica)。从群落组成的角度来看,记录到的高山食肉动物8种,包括猪獾、石貂(Martes foina)、香鼬、黄鼬(Mustela sibirica)、雪豹(Panthera uncia)、豹猫、狼与赤狐(Vulpes vulpes);中低山食肉动物5种,包括小熊猫、大熊猫、黑熊(Ursus thibetanus)、花面狸(Paguma larvata)、黄喉貂;海拔3500 m为这2个动物群的大致分界线。在赤狐的粪便样品中共发现5个食物MOTU,主要来自鸡形目(Galliformes)、兔形目(Lagomorpha)和啮齿目(Rodentia);豹猫样品中共发现9个食物MOTU,分别属于兔形目、啮齿目、偶蹄目(Artiodactyla)、雀形目(Passeriformes)和鸡形目。初步弄清了卧龙保护区内野生食肉动物的组成、海拔分布,结果有助于保护区食肉动物的保护与监测。