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There are subjects which university students perceive as uninteresting and which they are reluctant to learn. The use of an appropriate approach to learning can contribute to the formation of positive students’ opinions on learning. Project-based learning (PjBL) is characterized by active research, problem-solving, and student-made projects which is nowdays usually facilitated by the use of computer and network technologies. The aim of this research is to assess opinions of students of physics and technology at University of Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia, on PjBL, as well as to analyze these opinions in connection to three different factors: gender, academic performance, and study program. The physics content Diffusion and Osmosis was realized using PjBL. This topic was chosen because of possible interdisciplinary concepts’ relations between physics, chemistry, and biology. After students’ group work on projects and their project reports, a survey was conducted. Research results showed that opinions of students participating in the research about PjBL were independent of their gender, academic performance, as well as whether they study physics or technology. All students had equally positive opinions on PjBL. Further implementation of PjBL is planned in the authors’ departments, along with the integrative implementation of PjBL in teaching science in collaboration with other departments at the university.

The differences related to gender are evident in physics education from the early age of the students. Thus, it is important that the teaching strategies that are implemented in mixed-gender physics classrooms are appropriate for both boys and girls. This research examined physics achievement and metacognitive awareness of students in lower secondary education in relation to gender when the modified Know-Want-Learn (mKWL) strategy is implemented. During the study, the students were divided into the control group (where direct teaching was implemented) and the experimental group (where the mKWL strategy was implemented in physics teaching). Students’ physics achievement (estimated with knowledge tests) and metacognitive awareness (estimated with a questionnaire) before and after the pedagogical experiment, and also the students’ comments on the mKWL strategy (provided through an informal conversation) were analyzed. It was shown that the students’ achievement did not differ in relation to gender while girls showed higher metacognitive awareness in comparison with boys, and the mKWL strategy increased physics achievement and metacognitive awareness of both boys and girls. Furthermore, the students’ comments on the strategy were discussed. The proposed strategy is shown to be appropriate for both genders, and its implementation in physics classrooms can be recommended.

Physics teaching should facilitate students to acquire knowledge, increase metacognitive awareness and motivation for learning physics. The implementation of cooperative learning could be useful for improving teaching. The aim of this research was to examine the effect of cooperative learning (specifically the jigsaw technique) on students’ achievement in physics, metacognitive awareness, and motivation. An experiment with parallel groups (experimental and control) was carried out with 92 seventh-grade students (in lower secondary education). Jigsaw technique was implemented in the experimental group, while the control group was taught using teacher-directed teaching method. Students’ physics achievement, metacognitive awareness and motivation were measured using knowledge tests and questionnaires (before and after the experiment). Statistical analysis included calculations of Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, performance of the Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann-Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. The research results showed that the implementation of jigsaw technique in physics classes significantly improved students’ physics achievement, metacognitive awareness, and motivation. Therefore, it can be suggested that this technique is beneficial in lower secondary physics education, and it can be recommended to implement the jigsaw technique in everyday school practice.

The problem that teachers meet in every educational system is how to teach efficiently, while at the same time students are facing the problem how to learn efficiently. These two problems are closely related and if they are not treated well, they result in poor students’ performance. Teachers should find the way to help students to learn better and that should result in better students’ performance. Moreover, if the learning process is efficient, students would need less time for learning, and their mental effort would decrease, while their motivation for learning would increase.

Physics is generally regarded as difficult and uninteresting. The teaching of physics with the use of an appropriate teaching strategy can improve students' achievement. The aim of this research is to examine the effect of the modified Know-Want-Learn (mKWL) strategy on primary school students’ achievement in physics. The Know-Want-Learn (KWL) strategy was modified to be used for students’ inquiry. Quasi experimental research was carried out with 110 sixth-grade students divided into an experimental and a control group. The students in the control group were taught using direct teaching and the students in the experimental group were taught using TQHL charts. These charts consist of columns: T-What I Think and what I know, Q-What Questions I have, H-How can I find out, L-What I Learned. Pre-test and post-test were administered to both groups; two physics knowledge tests were constructed for that purpose. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired samples t-tests and independent samples t-tests. The implication of the research results is that using the mKWL strategy in a sixth-grade physics class has a positive effect on students’ achievement. It can be suggested to implement the described strategy in teaching physics in order to improve students’ achievement in this subject.

Предмет истраживања, модерни романЧовек без својстава (Чбс) аустријског писца Роберта Музила (1881-1942), анализиран је са аспекта поља сензитивне мистике која је препозната као окосница света дела и ауторове теоријске мисли, изнете кроз есеје. Последњи се могу сматрати колевком поетолошке парадигме самог аутора отелотворене романом. Шира анализа је показала да је научно проучавање концепта другачијег станња донекле занемаривало његову осећајну структуру, која се показује као комплексан суоднос Ја и Света. Један од закључака истраживања, који се тиче интерпретативних могућности у оквиру самог дела, јесте истицање Музиловог другачијег стањакао мистичног осећања света. Поред анализе осећајног слоја другачијег стања, – које је смештено у домен ирациоидногкод Музила и преко којега се конституише поетика ноеодређености, заснована на ”неодређеном осећању” као синониму за ”другачије осећање”, – анализи су подвргнуте и импликације које овај концепт аутора има по читања поетских, естетских и етичких ставова изнетих делом. Рад такође прати судбину синтагме невидљиво начело/принцип, којa припада елементима мистичне парадигме садржане романом. Овај појам је интертекстуална позајмица, која преко Музилове рецепције дела Мориса Метерлинка Благо сиромашних (1896) уводи неоплатонистичко идејно наслеђе у приповедни ток и продубљује егзистенцијалну ситуацију приповеданог субјекта. У духу Плотинових и Порфиријевих списа невидљиво начело јесте мистично начело сагледaвања највишег Почела или Једног, као последње или првобитне стварности. Само једно начело/један принцип, као варијанта појма невидљиви принцип, такође се може схватити као принцип мудрости при расуђивању у стварима духа и душе. У тексту романа оно сведочи и о идеји једног идеалног етичког начела које би могло послужити као путоказ људском поступању, а које је мистично докучиво и спознатљиво, пре свега у другачијем стању (хипотеза).У тој тачки разматрања се кроз мистично начело преламају два утицаја, с једне стране Кантова етика моралног императивна, а с друге стране Аристотелова еудајмонистичка етика. Иза Музилове синтезе крије се како Ничеова идеја о ”слободним духовима”, концепт “моралне фантазије” Рудолфа Штајнера, тако и хришћански иператив о љубави према ближњем.Поред осврта на потенцијале психолошког, а пре свега философског утемељења оба оперативна појма из наслова тезе, који се остварује и кроз увид у секундарну и општу литературу, рад испитује и могућност интерппетације осећања света као поетолошке и егзистенцијалне категорије. Истраживање у назнакама покушава да из спреге оперативних појмова извуче одговор на питање, да ли исти могу да граде једну целовиту теорију мистичног код Музила.Веза која се успоставиља између феноменологије мистичног искуства и осећања света (уводно поглавље), изводи се на основу књиге Карла Албрехта Мистична спознаја (1958), а продубљује пре свега преко теоријских погледа философа као што су Кант и Хердер, не запоставивши, како ни епоху немачког идеализма и романтизма, тако ни модерне и постмодерне ауторе као што су М. Мерло-Понти, Ж.-П. Сартр, М. Хајдегер, Г. Беме и Х. Шмиц. Иста веза нас је повела трагом најпознатијег немачког раноромантичара Новалиса (Фридриха фон Харденберга) и његовог магичног иидеализма. Окосницу истог чине Кантови појмови трансцендентална аперцепција и трансцендентално ја које Новалис претумачује и облачи у рухо „магичног“. Код Музила трансцендентално ја затичемоу дневничким записима који нам говоре о младалачкој тежњи за проналажењем ”тачке ослонца” (Музил) у дубоко егзистнцијалном смислу. Још тада код аутора у теоријском смислу долази до прожимања две равни самоспознаје – картезијанског Ја и Ја (Сопства) мистичара.Одвајањем психологије као научне дисциплинеод философије, појам „аперцепције“ бива преузет од стране психолога Вилхелма Вунта и разматран у новом контексту. Музилу, зареченом „новоромантичару“ и писцу у повоју, након што се прославио првенцем Пометње питомца Терлеса (1906), појам ”аперцепције” привлачи пажњу током студија психологије и философије у Берлину, и то, на нивоу грађења поетике ликa Клаудине (из новеле Савршенство љубави, 1911). У раду, који је такође остао фрагмент, Напомене о аперцептору и томе сл. (1911/13) могуће је изоловати појам емотивног фактора аперцептора, другим речима претпоставити психолошки феномен емотивне аперцепције света.Кључни моменат рада чини увид да Музил емотивној аперцепцији света/стварности, попут Новалиса који то исто чини са Кантовим појмом ”трансценденталне аперцепције”, а уз помоћ појма ”магије/магичног”, приписује мистични тј. визионарски карактер. Визија света, која се субјекту дешава, те - неретко и мимо своје воље мора да узме удела у њој, - јесте нека врста епифаније Светога Духа или Бога. Визија за своју подлогу, што произлази из ауторових речи, има психолошки механизам који овај рад, по угледу на горепоменути феномен код Новалиса, назива мистичном (емотивном) аперцепцијом. Исти механизам може да се означи и именом другачије стање или осећање света, те последња два под тим углом посматрања постају синонимни и носиоци једне особене естетике.

Radiotherapy-induced toxicity is a major dose-limiting factor in anti-cancer treatment. Ionizing radiation leads to the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) that are associated with radiation-induced cell death. Investigations of biological effects of fullerenol have provided evidence for its ROS/RNS scavenger properties in vitro and radioprotective efficiency in vivo. Therefore we were interested to evaluate its radioprotective properties in vitro in the human erythroleukemia cell line. Pretreatment of irradiated cells by fullerenol exerted statistically significant effects on cell numbers and the response of antioxidative enzymes to X-ray irradiation-induced oxidative stress in cells. Our study provides evidence that the pre-treatment with fullerenol enhanced the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in irradiated K562 cells.

This paper presents some basic urban and architectural requirements regarding the installation of solar panels for electricity production on buildings. These requirements are usually design ? aesthetic and functional ? constructive. However, from the thermal ambient aspect, constructor?s solution is often not in accordance with requirements of architectural and urban planning profession. It is a known fact that thermal environment impacts the yield in the solar panels production. The aim of this paper is to show, based on experience of solar power plant DOMIT, city of Leskovac, Serbia, what is the expected effect in that aspect, in order to choose the optimal solution with regard to the character of the building. The most favorable production have solar power plants built on buildings where the panels on the underside are completely open because they have the best ventilation, and therefore cooling. nema

During the treatment phase of active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), respiratory function impairment is usually restrictive. This may become obstructive, as a PTB-associated airflow obstruction (AFO) or as a later manifestation of underlying COPD. The aim of the study was to examine the potential causes and risks for AFO development in PTB by exploring the aspects of spirometry limitations and clinical implications for the underlying COPD detection, taking into account various confounding factors. Prospective, nest case-control study on 40 new cases of PTB with initial restrictive respiratory function impairment, diagnosed and treated according to the directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) strategy. From all observed patients, 37.5% of them developed AFO upon the completion of PTB treatment, with significantly increased average of forced vital capacity (%) (P<0.01). Their changes in forced expiratory volume in the first second (%) during the PTB treatment were strongly associated with the air pollution exposure in living (0.474%-20.971% for 95% confidence interval [CI]; P=0.041) and working environments (3.928%-20.379% for 95% CI; P=0.005), initial radiological extent of PTB lesions (0.018%-0.700% for 95% CI; P=0.047), leukocyte count (0.020%-1.328% for 95% CI; P=0.043), and C-reactive protein serum level (0.046%-0.205% for 95% CI; P=0.003) compared to the other patients. The multivariate logistic regression analysis model shows initial radiological extent of pulmonary tuberculosis lesions (OR 1.01-1.05 for 95% CI; P=0.02) and sputum conversion rate on culture (OR 1.02-1.68 for 95% CI; P=0.04) as the most significant predictors for the risk of AFO development. AFO upon PTB treatment is a common manifestation of underlying COPD, which mostly occurs later, during the reparative processes in active PTB, even in the absence of major risk factors, such as cigarette smoking and biomass fuel dust exposure. Initial spirometry testing in patients with active PTB is not a sufficient and accurate approach in the detection of underlying COPD, which may lead to their further potential health deterioration.

This paper presents a research directed to examine the relation between students' metacognitive awareness and physics learning efficiency. Questionnaire of metacognitive awareness and physics knowledge test were applied on the sample of 746 subjects of both sexes, first graders of Grammar Schools in Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia. Obtained results were treated statistically. Results analysis shows that 15 years old girls have higher level of metacognitive awareness than 15 years old boys. It is shown that achievement in physics is not dependent on gender. The results indicate significant moderate correlation between metacognitive skills and student achievement in physics (r = 0.48473, p < 0.001). Important insights about metacognitive awareness and efficiency in physics learning have been generated. Our study has highlighted the benefits of developing metacognitive awareness to achieve better results in physics teaching-learning process.