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Cisplatin (CIS) is a broad-spectrum anticancer drug, with cytotoxic effects on either malignant or normal cells. We aimed to evaluate the hepatotoxicity in rats caused by CIS and its amelioration by the co-administration of either curcumin or resveratrol. Forty adult male rats divided into four equal groups: (control group): rats were given a saline solution (0.9%) once intraperitoneally, daily for the next 28 days; (cisplatin group): rats were given a daily oral dose of saline solution (0.9%) for 28 days after receiving a single dose of cisplatin (3.3 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for three successive days; (CIS plus curcumin/resveratrol groups): rats received the same previous dose of cisplatin (3.3 mg/kg) daily for three successive days followed by oral administration of either curcumin/resveratrol solution at a dose of (20 mg/kg) or (10 mg/kg) consequently daily for 28 days. Different laboratory tests (ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin, oxidative stress markers) and light microscopic investigations were done. Administration of CIS resulted in hepatotoxicity in the form of increased liver enzymes, oxidative stress markers; degenerative and apoptotic changes, the co-administration of CIS with either curcumin or resveratrol improved hepatotoxicity through improved microscopic structural changes, reduction in liver enzymes activity, decreased oxidative stress markers, improved degenerative, and apoptotic changes in liver tissues. Co-administration of either curcumin or resveratrol with cisplatin treatment could ameliorate hepatotoxicity caused by cisplatin in rats anti-inflammatory and oxidative stress-apoptotic pathways.

Hemolytic anemia (HA) is a serious health condition resulting from reduced erythrocytes' average life span. Echinochrome (Ech) is a dark-red pigment found in shells and spines of sea urchins. Studying the potential therapeutic effect of Ech on phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced HA in rats. Eighteen rats were divided into three groups ( = 6): the control group, the phenylhydrazine-induced HA group and the Ech group, injected intraperitoneally with PHZ and supplemented with oral Ech daily for 6 days. Ech resulted in a considerable increase in RBCs, WBCs, and platelets counts, hemoglobin, reduced glutathione, catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase levels, and a significant decrease in aspartate & alanine aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, bilirubin, creatinine, urea, urate, malondialdehyde & nitric oxide levels in anemic rats. Histopathological examination of liver and kidney tissue samples showed marked improvement. Ech ameliorated phenylhydrazine-induced HA with a hepatorenal protective effect owing to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Background It is challenging to diagnose hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at an early stage since non-invasive markers are not specific and do not identify the early stage. Objective Serum microRNA-192 could represent an early and critical pathogenetic factor in different liver diseases. Methods 92 participants were allocated into four equal groups ( n  = 23): control, compensated liver cirrhosis, decompensated cirrhosis, and HCC groups. Results Decompensated cirrhosis and HCC showed significantly elevated Serum Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, alpha-fetoprotein, and microRNA-192. Conclusion Serum microRNA-192 can predict decompensated liver cirrhosis and HCC with high sensitivity and specificity.

Background The chronic inflammatory and immunological disease \"Asthma\" is characterized by oxidative stress disruptions and is typically treated with glucocorticoids, the most potent anti-inflammatory agents. However, prolonged use may result in many adverse effects. Earthworms have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic characteristics. This study investigates the possible protective properties of Allolobophora caliginosa extract (AcE) in asthma model. Method Twenty-four female mice were allocated into four groups: control, ovalbumin (OVA), OVA + AcE (45 mg/kg), and OVA + dexamethasone (Dexa) (1 mg/kg). We assessed bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) inflammatory cells, nasal scratching frequency, BALF and serum IgE, ILs-4, -1 β , and -13, and OVA-specific IgE levels, pulmonary oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration and catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity), the frequency of CD19 + B-lymphocytes, histopathology (H&E and Masson’s trichrome stains), and the immunohistochemistry expression of p-nuclear factor Kappa-B (NF-κB) p65 in the lungs. Results AcE markedly reduced BALF inflammatory cells, nasal scratching frequency, IgE, OVA-specific IgE, IL-4, -1 β , -13, CD19 + B cells, MDA, NO levels, as well as asthmatic mice histological inflammatory scores. The histologic and histochemical studies showed improved lung structure, decreased goblet cell hyperplasia, and reduced collagen precipitation after AcE treatment. Conclusion The anti-asthmatic properties of AcE are attributed to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, specifically its capacity to inhibit NF-κB and CD19 + expression and inhibit oxidative stress.

This study aims to investigate the effect of hydroethanolic extracts of Cynara scolymus (C. scolymus) leaf (CLHE) and C. scolymus flower (CFHE) on the hepatic histopathological lesions and functional biochemical changes induced by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The rat model of T2DM was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in a dose of 60 mg/kg for 15 minutes following nicotinamide (NA) (60 mg/kg). The rats were allocated into four groups: group 1 (negative control), group 2 (diabetic control), group 3 (diabetic rats supplemented with 100 mg/kg/day CLHE), and group 4 (diabetic rats supplemented with 100 mg/kg/day CFHE). Treatment with CLHE and CFHE, for the study duration of 28 days, significantly improved the deteriorated hepatic glycogen content, glycogen phosphorylase, glucose-6-phosphatase activities, serum fructosamine levels, lipid profile, aspartate transaminase activities, and alanine transaminase activities as well as serum insulin and C-peptide levels. The elevated liver lipid peroxidation and the decreased activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly alleviated. The elevated expression of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α in the liver of diabetic rats was significantly reduced by treatments with CLHE and CFHE. NA/STZ-induced T2DM exhibited hepatic histopathological changes in the form of disordered hepatocytes, cytoplasm dissolution, and mononuclear leukocytic infiltration. The electron microscopic ultrastructure study revealed damaged mitochondria with ill-defined cristae and fragmentation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Treatments with CLHE and CFHE remarkably amended these histopathological and EM ultrastructural changes. In conclusion, both CLHE and CFHE may have antidiabetic and improvement effects on the liver function and structural integrity, which may be mediated, at least in part, via suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress and enhancement of the antioxidant defence system.

Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide epidemic causes numerous health problems including nephropathy and depression which are caused by oxygen radicals. We investigated the antioxidative effects of agomelatine or vildagliptin on streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. 50 male albino rats were distributed into five groups, (n = 10/ group): the normal control, A single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin was given to the other four groups to induce diabetes at a dose of 60 mg/kg body weight. After diabetes induction, one of the groups was chosen as a positive control. Other rats were treated with either vildagliptin (10 mg/kg) and/or agomelatine (20 mg/kg/day) daily for 4 weeks. We used different biochemical parameters (blood glucose level, insulin levels, oxidative stress markers) as well as histological analysis on the kidney tissues of the experimental animals. Statistical evaluation was performed by Oneway ANOVA for comparison of those groups followed by Duncan's post hoc test for multiple group comparison. Diabetes induced nephropathy via oxidative pathway as this was confirmed by increased serum levels of urea, uric acid and creatinine with decrease in serum total antioxidant Capacity (TAC) in diabetic rats compared to control rats. Also, there were significant increase in renal levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO); significant decrease in the levels of renal glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in diabetic group compared to the control group. Administration of either vildagliptin and/or agomelatine or both to diabetic rats alleviated the previous indices as confirmed by the biochemical and histological changes with better improvement in (vildagliptin+agomelatine) to that of vildagliptin treatment alone. Conclusion: Combination of agomelatine and vildagliptin could ameliorate diabetic nephropathy through inhibition of oxidative stress.