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Scientific risk assessment of dammed lakes is vitally important for emergency response planning. In this study, based on the evolution process of the disaster chain, the logic topology structure of dammed lake risk was developed. Then, a quantitative risk assessment model of dammed lake using Bayesian network is developed, which includes three modules of dammed lake hazard evaluation, outburst flood routing simulation, and loss assessment. In the model, the network nodes of each module were quantified using statistical data, empirical model, logical inference, and Monte Carlo method. The failure probability of a dammed lake, and the losses of life and property were calculated. This can be multiplied to assess the risk a dammed lake imposes after the uniformization of each loss type. Based on the socio-economic development and longevity statistics of dammed lakes, a risk-level classification method for dammed lakes is proposed. The Baige dammed lake, which emerged in China in 2018, was chosen as a case study and a risk assessment was conducted. The obtained results showed that the comprehensive risk index of Baige dammed lake is 0.7339 under the condition without manual intervention, identifying it as the extra-high level according to the classification. These results are in accordance with the actual condition, which corroborates the reasonability of the proposed model. The model can quickly and quantitatively evaluate the overall risk of a dammed lake and provide a reference for decision-making in a rapid emergency response scenario.

Dongfeng Gu and colleagues report a genome-wide association study for coronary artery disease in Han Chinese individuals. They identify four loci newly associated with coronary artery disease. We performed a meta-analysis of 2 genome-wide association studies of coronary artery disease comprising 1,515 cases and 5,019 controls followed by replication studies in 15,460 cases and 11,472 controls, all of Chinese Han ancestry. We identify four new loci for coronary artery disease that reached the threshold of genome-wide significance ( P < 5 × 10 −8 ). These loci mapped in or near TTC32 - WDR35 , GUCY1A3 , C6orf10-BTNL2 and ATP2B1 . We also replicated four loci previously identified in European populations (in or near PHACTR1 , TCF21 , CDKN2A-CDKN2B and C12orf51 ). These findings provide new insights into pathways contributing to the susceptibility for coronary artery disease in the Chinese Han population.

In-sensor processing has the potential to reduce the energy consumption and hardware complexity of motion detection and recognition. However, the state-of-the-art all-in-one array integration technologies with simultaneous broadband spectrum image capture (sensory), image memory (storage) and image processing (computation) functions are still insufficient. Here, macroscale (2 × 2 mm 2 ) integration of a rippled-assisted optoelectronic array (18 × 18 pixels) for all-day motion detection and recognition. The rippled-assisted optoelectronic array exhibits remarkable uniformity in the memory window, optically stimulated non-volatile positive and negative photoconductance. Importantly, the array achieves an extensive optical storage dynamic range exceeding 10 6 , and exceptionally high room-temperature mobility up to 406.7 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , four times higher than the International Roadmap for Device and Systems 2028 target. Additionally, the spectral range of each rippled-assisted optoelectronic processor covers visible to near-infrared (405 nm–940 nm), achieving function of motion detection and recognition. The authors create a rippled-assisted optoelectronic array (18 × 18 pixels) for the all-day motion detection and recognition, possessing negative and positive optical detection as well as memory and computation capabilities.

The deformation and stability of the dam slope are crucial for hydropower station safety during construction and operation. This study focuses on a near-dam creep-sliding and tension-fracturing slope at a hydropower station. Based on its engineering geological environment and deformation status, topography, geomorphology, rock mass features and the spatial distribution characteristics of key structural planes were systematically analyzed. Combined with monitoring data, the tracking of the controlling structural planes and structural zoning was analyzed. The creep mechanical properties of the area’s sandy slate were determined by a graded loading creep test, which verified the applicability of the constitutive model and provided reliable creep parameters for numerical simulation. Considering the main faults’ spatial combination and the weak plane effect, the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of the fault-dominated deformation slope were revealed by a combination of field monitoring and three-dimensional numerical simulation. Furthermore, based on the sliding trend and distribution characteristics of the structural planes, a geomechanical model was established to explore the creep-sliding and tension-fracturing deformation mechanism. The results provide theoretical support for evaluating the stability of steep and high slopes of hydropower stations.

Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose would lead to liver toxicity and even acute liver failure in severe cases by triggering an inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Sesamin has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions in several animal disease models. In the present study, the effects and mechanisms of sesamin on APAP-induced acute liver injury (ALI) were explored. The results showed that pretreatment with sesamin significantly alleviated APAP-induced ALI, as indicated by decreased serum aminotransferase activities, hepatic pathological damages, and hepatic cellular apoptosis. But sesamin has no significant effects on the expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), APAP-cysteine adducts (APAP-CYS) production, and glutathione content in the liver of APAP-administered mice. Moreover, APAP-induced liver oxidative stress and inflammatory response also were remarkedly attenuated by sesamin, including reducing hepatic reactive oxygen species levels, promoting antioxidant generation, and inhibiting the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β, as well as decreasing inflammatory cell recruitment. Notably, sesamin inhibited serum high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) releases and blocked hepatic activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 3-nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in APAP-administered mice. These findings indicated that sesamin could mitigate APAP-induced ALI through suppression of oxidative stress and inflammatory response, which might be mediated by the deactivation of HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling in mice.

Probability estimation of small sample data is a key tool to ensure the probability that sample data fall within the confidence interval at a certain confidence level and probability distribution, which shows its advantages in practical engineering applications. Then, regarding a group decision-making (GDM) problem in the situation of indeterminacy and inconsistency, several experts/decision makers will assign several true, false, and indeterminate fuzzy values to the evaluation values of each alternative over different attributes, and then form a single-valued neutrosophic multivalued set (SvNMVS) as their assessed information. To ensure some confidence level of the evaluation values in the circumstance of SvNMVSs and GDM reliability, this paper aims to propose a conversion technique from SvNMVS to a neutrosophic confidence cubic set (NCCS) and a GDM model using the exponential similarity measure of NCCSs in the circumstance of SvNMVSs. First, we give the definition of NCCS, which is transformed from SvNMVS in terms of average values and confidence intervals of true, false, and indeterminate fuzzy sequences subject to the conditions of the normal distribution and confidence levels. Second, we present the exponential similarity measure of NCCSs and the weighted exponential similarity measure of NCCSs and their characteristics. Third, a GDM model is developed by using the weighted exponential similarity measure of NCCSs in the circumstance of SvNMVSs. Fourth, the developed GDM model is applied to a choice case of landslide treatment schemes in the circumstance of SvNMVSs to reveal its usability and suitability in actual GDM problems. Compared with the existing GDM models, the developed GDM model indicates its superiorities in decision flexibility and credibility/reliability subject to 90%, 95%, and 99% confidence levels.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that results in the loss of motor function in the central nervous system (CNS) and ultimately death. The mechanisms underlying ALS pathogenesis have not yet been fully elucidated, and ALS cannot be treated effectively. Most studies have applied animal or single-gene intervention cell lines as ALS disease models, but they cannot accurately reflect the pathological characteristics of ALS. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be reprogrammed from somatic cells, possessing the ability to self-renew and differentiate into a variety of cells. iPSCs can be obtained from ALS patients with different genotypes and phenotypes, and the genetic background of the donor cells remains unchanged during reprogramming. iPSCs can differentiate into neurons and glial cells related to ALS. Therefore, iPSCs provide an excellent method to evaluate the impact of diseases on ALS patients. Moreover, patient-derived iPSCs are obtained from their own somatic cells, avoiding ethical concerns and posing only a low risk of immune rejection. The iPSC technology creates new hope for ALS treatment. Here, we review recent studies on iPSCs and their applications in disease modeling, drug screening and cell therapy in ALS, with a particular focus on the potential for ALS treatment.

Ischemic stroke is accompanied by high mortality and morbidity rates. At present, there is no effective clinical treatment. Alternatively, traditional Chinese medicine has been widely used in China and Japan for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Baicalin is a flavonoid extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis that has been shown to be effective against ischemic stroke; however, its mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Based on network pharmacology, we explored the potential mechanism of baicalin on a system level. After obtaining baicalin structural information from the PubChem database, an approach combined with literature mining and PharmMapper prediction was used to uncover baicalin targets. Ischemic stroke-related targets were gathered with the help of DrugBank, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), Genetic Association Database (GAD), and Therapeutic Target Database (TTD). Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed through the Cytoscape plugin BisoGenet and analyzed by topological methods. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were carried out via the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) server. We obtained a total of 386 potential targets and 5 signaling pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and forkhead box (FOXO) signaling pathways. GO analysis showed that these targets were associated with antiapoptosis, antioxidative stress, anti-inflammation, and other physiopathological processes that are involved in anti-ischemic stroke effects. In summary, the mechanism of baicalin against ischemic stroke involved multiple targets and signaling pathways. Our study provides a network pharmacology framework for future research on traditional Chinese medicine.

In the article titled “Systematic Understanding of the Mechanism of Baicalin against Ischemic Stroke through a Network Pharmacology Approach” [1], the names of the fourth and the twelfth authors were given incorrectly as Nang Deng and Qinguo Wang. The authors’ names should have been written as Nan Deng and Qingguo Wang. The revised authors’ list is shown above.