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"George, Paul M."
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Low Chicago : a Wild cards mosaic novel
\"In George R.R. Martin's latest Wild Cards adventure, a gang of criminals are scattered across time and threaten the stability of the world. Perfect for current fans and new readers alike, Low Chicago is an all-new time travel adventure that leads to the criminal underworld of 1920s Chicago, featuring a fresh cast of characters from the Wild Cards universe.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Morphing electronics enable neuromodulation in growing tissue
Bioelectronics for modulating the nervous system have shown promise in treating neurological diseases
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–
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. However, their fixed dimensions cannot accommodate rapid tissue growth
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,
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and may impair development
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. For infants, children and adolescents, once implanted devices are outgrown, additional surgeries are often needed for device replacement, leading to repeated interventions and complications
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–
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. Here, we address this limitation with morphing electronics, which adapt to in vivo nerve tissue growth with minimal mechanical constraint. We design and fabricate multilayered morphing electronics, consisting of viscoplastic electrodes and a strain sensor that eliminate the stress at the interface between the electronics and growing tissue. The ability of morphing electronics to self-heal during implantation surgery allows a reconfigurable and seamless neural interface. During the fastest growth period in rats, morphing electronics caused minimal damage to the rat nerve, which grows 2.4-fold in diameter, and allowed chronic electrical stimulation and monitoring for 2 months without disruption of functional behavior. Morphing electronics offers a path toward growth-adaptive pediatric electronic medicine.
Viscoplastic electronic devices adapt as nerves enlarge in growing animals.
Journal Article
Knaves over queens
As the alien Xenovirus reaches Britain, Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill, now gifted with extraordinary longevity, joins with Alan Turing to set up a special organization, the Order of the Silver Helix, to outmaneuver the terrifying mutations of the virus in Britain.
BOOK
Conductive polymer scaffolds to improve neural recovery
Injuries to the nervous system manifest in various forms ranging from stroke to trauma（i.e.,motor vehicle accidents,combats）to diabetic neuropathy as well as many other neurological diseases.Nerve regeneration remains a complex biological process that is challenging to address clinically.There is no effective medical treatment for central nervous system repair.
Journal Article
Wonderland : an anthology of works inspired by Alice's adventures in Wonderland
\"Within these pages you'll find myriad approaches to Alice, from horror to historical, taking us from nightmarish reaches of the imagination to tales that will shock, surprise, and tug on the heart-strings. So it's time now to go down the rabbit hole, or through the looking-glass or ... But no, wait. By picking up this book and starting to read it you're already there, can't you see?\"--Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Electrical modulation of transplanted stem cells improves functional recovery in a rodent model of stroke
Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide, intensifying the need for effective recovery therapies. Stem cells are a promising stroke therapeutic, but creating ideal conditions for treatment is essential. Here we developed a conductive polymer system for stem cell delivery and electrical modulation in animals. Using this system, electrical modulation of human stem cell transplants improve functional stroke recovery in rodents. Increased endogenous stem cell production corresponds with improved function. Transcriptome analysis identified stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) as one of the genes most significantly upregulated by electrical stimulation. Lentiviral upregulation and downregulation of STC2 in the transplanted stem cells demonstrate that this glycoprotein is an essential mediator in the functional improvements seen with electrical modulation. Moreover, intraventricular administration of recombinant STC2 post-stroke confers functional benefits. In summation, our conductive polymer system enables electrical modulation of stem cells as a potential method to improve recovery and identify important therapeutic targets.
Paul George and colleagues developed a conductive polymer system to enable stem cell delivery and electrical modulation in vivo. Employing this system improved functional stroke recovery in rodents and identified important repair pathways.
Journal Article
Modulating the Electrical and Mechanical Microenvironment to Guide Neuronal Stem Cell Differentiation
The application of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in disease modeling and regenerative medicine can be limited by the prolonged times required for functional human neuronal differentiation and traditional 2D culture techniques. Here, a conductive graphene scaffold (CGS) to modulate mechanical and electrical signals to promote human iPSC‐derived neurons is presented. The soft CGS with cortex‐like stiffness (≈3 kPa) and electrical stimulation (±800 mV/100 Hz for 1 h) incurs a fivefold improvement in the rate (14d) of generating iPSC‐derived neurons over some traditional protocols, with an increase in mature cellular markers and electrophysiological characteristics. Consistent with other culture conditions, it is found that the pro‐neurogenic effects of mechanical and electrical stimuli rely on RhoA/ROCK signaling and de novo ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) production respectively. Thus, the CGS system creates a combined physical and continuously modifiable, electrical niche to efficiently and quickly generate iPSC‐derived neurons. Induced pluripotent stem cells are exciting cells for understanding development and in regenerative medicine. Stem cells respond to their environment to perform their functions and mature. A newly designed conductive scaffold is capable of shaping the mechanical and electrical environment. Utilizing this conductive polymer platform, enhanced stem cell neuronal maturation of the stem cells and important pathways can be identified.
Journal Article
High-grade metamorphism of banded iron formations: the role of saline fluids in promoting the growth of pyroxene and garnet reaction textures along magnetite-quartz grain boundaries
Metamorphosed banded iron formation (BIF) in granulite-amphibolite facies, tonalitic orthogneisses from a series of locations in the Kolli Massif of southern India are described and analysed with regard to their lithologies, whole rock chemistry, mineral reaction textures, and mineral chemistry. On the basis of their mineral reaction textures along magnetite-quartz grain boundaries these BIFs are grouped according to their predominant silicate mineralogy: 1) amphibole; 2) orthopyroxene; 3) orthopyroxene–clinopyroxene; 4) orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene-garnet; 5) clinopyroxene-garnet-plagioclase; and 6) Fe-Mg silicates are absent. Two-pyroxene and garnet-pyroxene Fe-Mg exchange thermometry, coupled with thermodynamic pseudo-section modelling of whole rock data from one of the magnetite-quartz-orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene-bearing lithologies, indicates that the magnetite-quartz-orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene-garnet assemblages formed at ~900 to 1200 MPa and 750 to 900 °C under relatively low H2O activities. Magnetite-quartz-orthopyroxene reaction textures were experimentally replicated at 800 and 900 °C and 1000 MPa in a synthetic BIF using isolated magnetite grains in a quartz matrix to which was added a hypersaline Mg- and Al-bearing fluid (approximately 1% by mass), which permeated along all the grain boundaries. The fact that Fe-Mg silicate reaction textures did not form in one of the BIF samples, which had experienced the same P-T conditions as the other BIF samples, suggests that, unless a BIF initially incorporated Mg, Al, and Ca during formation with or was infiltrated from the surrounding rocks by Mg-, Al-, and Ca-bearing saline fluids, these silicate minerals could not and would not have formed from the inherent magnetite and quartz during granulite-facies and amphibolite-facies metamorphism.
Journal Article
Single‐Cell Encapsulation via Click‐Chemistry Alters Production of Paracrine Factors from Neural Progenitor Cells
Extracellular matrix (ECM) properties affect multiple cellular processes such as cell survival, proliferation, and protein synthesis. Thus, a polymeric‐cell delivery system with the ability to manipulate the extracellular environment can act as a fundamental regulator of cell function. Given the promise of stem cell therapeutics, a method to uniformly enhance stem cell function, in particular trophic factor release, can prove transformative in improving efficacy and increasing feasibility by reducing the total number of cells required. Herein, a click‐chemistry powered 3D, single‐cell encapsulation method aimed at synthesizing a polymeric coating with the optimal thickness around neural progenitor cells is introduced. Polymer encapsulation of neural stem cells significantly increases the release of neurotrophic factors such as VEGF and CNTF. Cell encapsulation with a soft extracellular polymer upregulates the ADCY8‐cAMP pathway, suggesting a mechanism for the increase in paracrine factors. Hence, the described single‐cell encapsulation technique can emerge as a translatable, nonviral cell modulation method and has the potential to improve stem cells' therapeutic effect. Through the use of cell glycoengineering techniques and click chemistry, single‐cell polymer encapsulation is possible. This polymeric extracellular matrix can modify the trophic factor production of neural progenitor cells. The cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway and actin interactions are important in trophic factor regulation, specifically for VEGFB. The ability to encapsulate cells has implications for optimizing stem cell therapeutics.
Journal Article