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The present study aimed to examine the path model for the relationships among teacher psychological support, situational interest, individual interest, and the academic engagement of vocational high school students in Taiwan. One thousand three hundred and sixty-seven tenth-grade students from thirty classrooms participated in this study. A self-report inventory measuring students' perception of Teachers' Psychological Support, Situational Interest, Individual Interest, and Academic Engagement was administered. The data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation and structure equation modeling. The results indicated that: (1) Teacher psychological support had direct effects on situational interest, personal interest, and academic engagement; situational interest had direct effects on both personal interest and learning engagement; personal interest had a direct effect on academic engagement. (2) Situational interest was a mediator between teacher psychological support and individual interest; situational interest

The present study attempted to develop a reciprocal effect model between the autonomous motivation and the positive academic emotion on vocational high school students. This study adopted cross-lagged analysis design. Data were collected on the basis of two self-report measures (T1-T2) during a six-month interval. Participants were 802 vocational high school students from eight schools in central Taiwan. Utilizing survey questionnaire procedure and structural equation modeling analysis, this study yielded the following results: 1. The path from autonomous motivation T1 to autonomous motivation T2 was significant. 2. The path from positive achievement emotion T1 to positive achievement emotion T2 was significant. 3. The autonomous motivation T1 could significantly positively predict positive achievement emotion T2, and the positive achievement emotion T1 could significantly positively predict autonomous motivation T1, indicating there was a reciprocal effect model between autonomous motivation and positive ach

This study aimed to examine the path models for the relationships among technical high school students' perceptions of teachers' and parents' psychological support, autonomous motivation, and academic engagement. A total of 1,101 tenth-grade students completed a self-report survey assessing the variables of interest. The results indicated that: (1) Both teachers' and parents' psychological support had direct effects on autonomous motivation. (2) Autonomous motivation had direct effects on academic engagement. (3) Autonomous motivation had indirect effects between teachers' and parents' psychological support and academic engagement. (4) The proposed model in this study fit the empirical data well. Implications for teachers, parents, and future research are discussed.

The first purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between parenting styles (authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive) and children's temperament (emotionality, activity, and sociability). The second purpose of this study was to examine how the parenting styles, along with children's temperament, predicted children's behavioral adjustment. The third purpose of this study was to examine how parenting styles, along with children's temperament, predicted children's academic achievement. Two hundred thirty Taiwanese (108 boys and 122 girls) fourth, fifth, and sixth grade children from ten elementary schools in Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China participated in the study. Children's homeroom teachers and parents were also recruited to participate in the study. Multiple regression was conducted to test each research question. Results showed that the parenting styles were significantly associated with children's temperament. Specifically, children whose parents used higher levels of authoritarian parenting were also scored higher on emotionality. Children whose parents used higher levels of authoritative parenting were more sociable. Second, parenting styles and children's temperament showed significant relations with children's behavioral adjustment. Sociable children and children who experienced authoritative parenting had better behavioral adjustment. Third, parenting styles and children's temperament were related to children's academic achievement. Sociable children had higher academic performance and children who experienced authoritarian parenting showed lower academic achievement. These results clearly showed that children experiencing different kinds of parenting styles tend to have different patterns of temperament. Furthermore, the parenting styles and children's temperament showed different patterns of prediction for children's behavioral adjustment and academic achievement.

Posttranslational modification (PTM) of core circadian clock proteins, including Period2 (PER2), is required for proper circadian regulation. PER2 function is regulated by casein kinase 1 (CK1)-mediated phosphorylation and ubiquitination but little is known about other PER2 PTMs or their interaction with PER2 phosphorylation. We found that PER2 can be SUMOylated by both SUMO1 and SUMO2; however, SUMO1 versus SUMO2 conjugation had different effects on PER2 turnover and transcriptional suppressor function. SUMO2 conjugation facilitated PER2 interaction with β-TrCP leading to PER2 proteasomal degradation. In contrast, SUMO1 conjugation, mediated by E3 SUMO-protein ligase RanBP2, enhanced CK1-mediated PER2 S662 phosphorylation, inhibited PER2 degradation and increased PER2 transcriptional suppressor function. PER2 K736 was critical for both SUMO1- and SUMO2-conjugation. A PER2 K736R mutation was sufficient to alter PER2 protein oscillation and reduce PER2-mediated transcriptional suppression. Together, our data revealed that SUMO1 versus SUMO2 conjugation acts as a determinant of PER2 stability and function and thereby affects the circadian regulatory system and the expression of clock-controlled genes.

Summary Aging influences stem cells, but the processes involved remain unclear. Insulin signaling, which controls cellular nutrient sensing and organismal aging, regulates the G2 phase of Drosophila female germ line stem cell (GSC) division cycle in response to diet; furthermore, this signaling pathway is attenuated with age. The role of insulin signaling in GSCs as organisms age, however, is also unclear. Here, we report that aging results in the accumulation of tumorous GSCs, accompanied by a decline in GSC number and proliferation rate. Intriguingly, GSC loss with age is hastened by either accelerating (through eliminating expression of Myt1, a cell cycle inhibitory regulator) or delaying (through mutation of insulin receptor (dinR) GSC division, implying that disrupted cell cycle progression and insulin signaling contribute to age-dependent GSC loss. As flies age, DNA damage accumulates in GSCs, and the S phase of the GSC cell cycle is prolonged. In addition, GSC tumors (which escape the normal stem cell regulatory microenvironment, known as the niche) still respond to aging in a similar manner to normal GSCs, suggesting that niche signals are not required for GSCs to sense or respond to aging. Finally, we show that GSCs from mated and unmated females behave similarly, indicating that female GSC-male communication does not affect GSCs with age. Our results indicate the differential effects of aging and diet mediated by insulin signaling on the stem cell division cycle, highlight the complexity of the regulation of stem cell aging, and describe a link between ovarian cancer and aging.

This study aimed to examine the path models for the relationships among technical high school students’ perceptions of teachers’ and parents’ psychological support, autonomous motivation, and academic engagement. A total of 1,101 tenth-grade students completed a self-report survey assessing the variables of interest. The results indicated that: (1) Both teachers’ and parents’ psychological support had direct effects on autonomous motivation. (2) Autonomous motivation had direct effects on academic engagement. (3) Autonomous motivation had indirect effects between teachers’ and parents’ psychological support and academic engagement. (4) The proposed model in this study fit the empirical data well. Implications for teachers, parents, and future research are discussed

The chronic lack of trading momentum and volume in the Taiwan stock market has been a problem for the government. Various policies and measures have been put in place to energize the domestic stock market. In 2014, the government lifted the bank on intraday trading (first on buying followed by selling on January 6, 2014, and then on selling followed by buying on June 30, 2014), in an attempt to stimulate the market. This paper seeks to examine whether intraday trading of securities is beneficial to the liquidity of the constituents of the FTSE TWSE Taiwan 50 Index and the FTSE TWSE Taiwan 100 Index by sampling data from 2013 to 2014. The research purpose is to explore the effects of (1) buying followed by selling; (2) selling followed by buying; and (3) intraday trading of securities in general on market liquidity. As the market depth indicators such as spreads used in literature are not suitable for a market geared toward trading orders (Hu and Chan, 2001) this paper contributes that the price impact function can yield some insight for research institutes into the formation of policies on intraday trading of the same securities.

Posttranslational modification (PTM) of core circadian clock proteins, including Period2 (PER2), is required for proper circadian regulation. PER2 function is regulated by casein kinase 1 (CK1)-mediated phosphorylation and ubiquitination but little is known about other PER2 PTMs. We found that PER2 can be SUMOylated by both SUMO1 and SUMO2; however, SUMO1 versus SUMO2 conjugation had different effects on PER2 turnover and subcellular localization. SUMO2 conjugation facilitated PER2 degradation. In contrast, SUMO1 conjugation, mediated by E3 SUMO-protein ligase RanBP2, enhanced CK1-mediated PER2S662 phosphorylation and increased PER2 nuclear accumulation, chromatin association and transcriptional suppressor function. PER2 K736 was critical for both SUMO1- and SUMO2-conjugation. A PER2K736R mutation was sufficient to alter circadian periodicity, decrease PER2 nuclear entry and abolish PER2-mediated transcriptional suppression. Together, our data revealed differential effects of SUMO1 versus SUMO2 conjugation on PER2 function and demonstrated the effect of PER2 SUMOylation on the circadian regulatory system and circadian periodicity. Footnotes * Figure 1, Figure 2 and Supplemental files updated

This study presents the black hole accretion history (BHAH) of obscured active galactic nuclei (AGNs) identified from the JWST CEERS survey by Chien et al. (2024) using mid-infrared (MIR) SED fitting. We compute black hole accretion rates (BHARs) to estimate the black hole accretion density (BHAD), \\(_L_disk\\), across \\(0 < z < 4.25\\). MIR luminosity functions (LFs) are also constructed for these sources, modeled with modified Schechter and double power law forms, and corresponding BHAD, \\(_LF\\), is derived by integrating the LFs and multiplying by the luminosity. Both \\(_LF\\) extend to luminosities as low as \\(10^7 \\, L_\\), two orders of magnitude fainter than pre-JWST studies. Our results show that BHAD peaks between redshifts 1 and 3, with the peak varying by method and model, \\(z 1\\)--2 for \\(_L_disk\\) and the double power law, and \\(z 2\\)--3 for the modified Schechter function. A scenario where AGN activity peaks before cosmic star formation would challenge existing black hole formation theories, but our present study, based on early JWST observations, provides an initial exploration of this possibility. At \\(z 3\\), \\(_LF\\) appears higher than X-ray estimates, suggesting that MIR observations are more effective in detecting obscured AGNs missed by X-ray observations. However, given the overlapping error bars, this difference remains within the uncertainties and requires confirmation with larger samples. These findings highlight the potential of JWST surveys to enhance the understanding of co-evolution between galaxies and AGNs.