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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is usually characterized with disrupted bile acid (BA) homeostasis. However, the exact role of certain BA in NAFLD is poorly understood. Here we show levels of serum hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA) decrease in both NAFLD patients and mice, as well as in liver and intestinal contents of NAFLD mice compared to their healthy counterparts. Serum HDCA is also inversely correlated with NAFLD severity. Dietary HDCA supplementation ameliorates diet-induced NAFLD in male wild type mice by activating fatty acid oxidation in hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα)-dependent way because the anti-NAFLD effect of HDCA is abolished in hepatocyte-specific Pparα knockout mice. Mechanistically, HDCA facilitates nuclear localization of PPARα by directly interacting with RAN protein. This interaction disrupts the formation of RAN/CRM1/PPARα nucleus-cytoplasm shuttling heterotrimer. Our results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of HDCA for NAFLD and provide new insights of BAs on regulating fatty acid metabolism. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is often linked to disrupted bile acid homeostasis. Here, the authors show hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA) ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting the formation of RAN/CRM1/PPARα nuclear export heterotrimer, resulting in increased nuclear localization of PPARα and activated fatty acid oxidation.

Optical detection of magnetic field is appealing for integrated photonics; however, the light-matter interaction is usually weak at low field. Here we observe that the photoluminescence (PL) decreases by > 40% at 10 mT in rubrene microcrystals (RMCs) prepared by a capillary-bridge assembly method. The giant magneto-PL (MPL) relies on the singlet-triplet conversion involving triplet-triplet pairs, through the processes of singlet fission (SF) and triplet fusion (TF) during radiative decay. Importantly, the size of RMCs is critical for maximizing MPL as it influences on the photophysical processes of spin state conversion. The SF/TF process is quantified by measuring the prompt/delayed PL with time-resolved spectroscopies, which shows that the geminate SF/TF associated with triplet-triplet pairs are responsible for the giant MPL. Furthermore, the RMC-based magnetometer is constructed on an optical chip, which takes advantages of remarkable low-field sensitivity over a broad range of frequencies, representing a prototype of emerging opto-spintronic molecular devices. The optical detection of magnetic fields is difficult for low field strengths. Here, the authors show how strong magneto-photoluminescence can be achieved in rubrene microcrystals and demonstrate its application in a magnetometer.

The present study establishes a stochastic adaptive robust dispatch model for virtual power plants (VPPs) to address the risks associated with uncertainties in electricity market prices and photovoltaic (PV) power outputs. The model consists of distributed components, such as the central air-conditioning system (CACS) and PV power plant, aggregated by the VPP. The uncertainty in the electricity market price is addressed using a stochastic programming approach, and the uncertainty in PV output is addressed using an adaptive robust approach. The model is decomposed into a master problem and a sub-problem using the binding scenario identification approach. The binding scenario subset is identified in the sub-problem, which greatly reduces the number of iterations required for solving the model, and thereby increases the computational efficiency. Finally, the validity of the VPP model and the solution algorithm is verified using a simulated case study. The simulation results demonstrate that the operating profit of a VPP with a CACS and other aggregated units can be increased effectively by participating in multiple market transactions. In addition, the results demonstrate that the binding scenario identification algorithm is accurate, and its computation time increases slowly with increasing scenario set size, so the approach is adaptable to large-scale scenarios.

The inter-individual variations of gut microbiome contribute to the different responses toward drug therapy among populations, developing a reliable ex vivo culture method for mixed bacteria is the urgent need for predicting personal reaction to drug therapy. Unfortunately, very few attentions have been paid to the bias that could be introduced during the culture process for mixed bacteria. Here we systemically evaluated the factors that may affect the outcomes of cultured bacteria from human feces. We demonstrated that inter-individual difference of host gut microbiome was the main factor affecting the outcomes of cultured bacteria, followed by the culture medium and time point. We further optimized a new medium termed GB based on our established multi-dimensional evaluation method, which could mimic the status of in situ host gut microbiome to the highest extent. Finally, we assessed the inter-individual metabolism by host gut microbiome from 10 donors on three frequently used clinical drugs (aspirin, levodopa and doxifluridine) based on the optimized GB medium. Our results revealed obvious variation in drug metabolism by microbiome from different donors, especially levodopa and doxifluridine. This work suggested the optimized culture medium had the potential for exploring the inter-individual impacts of host gut microbiome on drug metabolism.

IntroductionGreen waste is the second largest organic solid waste beyond of household waste in Chinese cities. Clarifying green waste generation is significant for efficient management and utilization.MethodsUnlike previous studies that mainly concentrated on quantifying green waste at a single time point and within a particular region, this research is grounded in the urban greening data of 30 provinces in China spanning from 2003 to 2022. It systematically computes and analyzes the overall green waste generation scenario and its spatio - temporal distribution traits in China. Moreover, it innovatively employs the adjusted IPAT - LMDI (Environmental Impact = Population × Affluence × Technology - Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index) model to probe into the key driving factors influencing green waste production.Results and DiscussionsResearch has found that: 1) From 2003 to 2022, the total amount of landscaping waste resources in China showed an overall upward trend, with a total of 10.7134 million tons in 2003 and an increase of nearly 5 times to 60.9705 million tons in 2022; 2) The overall density of resource generation shows a fluctuating upward trend, with a characteristic of high in the east and low in the west, gradually evolving into high in the southeast and low in the northwest; 3) The factors of population size, economic development, and environmental pressure all have a positive driving effect on the total increase of green waste resources, but urban development shows a negative effect of decreasing the number of green waste resources; 4) Anticipated against the backdrop of global warming, urban sprawl, and improving urban green space management standards, China’s green waste production is projected to persistently rise, with forecasting an increase to between 83.35 million and 91.48 million tons in total by 2030. Although this study has achieved some progress in quantifying and analyzing the spatial - temporal characteristics and driving forces of China’s green waste, there is still room for further improvement in terms of research accuracy and scope in future studies.

Background Metabolic disorders have become one of the global medical problems. Due to the complexity of its pathogenesis, there is still no effective treatment. Bile acids (BAs) and gut microbiota (GM) have been proved to be closely related to host metabolism, which could be important targets for metabolic disorders. Zhi-Kang-Yin (ZKY) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula developed by the research team according to theory of TCM and has been shown to improve metabolism in clinic. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Aim of the study This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms of the beneficial effect of ZKY on metabolism. Methods High-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice were treated with and without ZKY. The glucose and lipid metabolism-related indexes were measured. BA profile, GM composition and hepatic transcriptome were then investigated to analyze the changes of BAs, GM, and hepatic gene expression. Moreover, the relationship between GM and BAs was identified with functional gene quantification and ex vivo fermentation experiment. Results ZKY reduced weight gain and lipid levels in both liver and serum, attenuated hepatic steatosis and improved glucose tolerance in HFD-fed mice. BA profile detection showed that ZKY changed the composition of BAs and increased the proportion of unconjugated BAs and non-12-OH BAs. Hepatic transcriptomic analysis revealed fatty acid metabolism and BA biosynthesis related pathways were regulated. In addition, ZKY significantly changed the structure of GM and upregulated the gene copy number of bacterial bile salt hydrolase. Meanwhile, ZKY directly promoted the growth of Bifidobacterium , which is a well-known bile salt hydrolase - producing genus. The ex vivo co-culture experiment with gut microbiota and BAs demonstrated that the changes of BAs profile in ZKY group were mediated by ZKY-shifted GM, which led to increased expression of genes associated with fatty acid degradation in the liver. Conclusion Our study indicated that the effect of ZKY on improving metabolism is associated with the modulation of GM-BAs axis, especially, by upregulating the abundance of bile salt hydrolase-expression bacteria and increasing the levels of unconjugated BAs. This study indicates that GM-BAs axis might be an important pathway for improving metabolic disorders by ZKY.

Background Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat, a traditional Chinese medicine, has the effects on liver clearing, vision improving, and anti-inflammation. C. morifolium and probiotics have been individually studied for their beneficial effects on metabolic diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms were not completely elucidated. This study aims to elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms of C . morifolium and probiotics combination (CP) on alleviating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the dysregulation of glucose metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Methods The therapeutic effect of CP on metabolism was evaluated by liver histology and serum biochemical analysis, as well as glucose tolerance test. The impact of CP on gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing and fecal microbiota transplantation. Hepatic transcriptomic analysis was performed with the key genes and proteins validated by RT-qPCR and western blotting. In addition, whole body Pparα knockout ( Pparα −/− ) mice were used to confirm the CP-mediated pathway. Results CP supplementation ameliorated metabolic disorders by reducing body weight and hepatic steatosis, and improving glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in HFD fed mice. CP intervention mitigated the HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, which contributed at least in part, to the beneficial effect of improving glucose metabolism. In addition, hepatic transcriptomic analysis showed that CP modulated the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism. CP downregulated the mRNA level of lipid droplet-binding proteins, such as Cidea and Cidec in the liver, leading to more substrates for fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Meanwhile, the expression of CPT1α, the rate-limiting enzyme of FAO, was significantly increased upon CP treatment. Mechanistically, though CP didn’t affect the total PPARα level, it promoted the nuclear localization of PPARα, which contributed to the reduced expression of Cidea and Cidec , and increased expression of CPT1α, leading to activated FAO. Moreover, whole body PPARα deficiency abolished the anti-NAFLD effect of CP, suggesting the importance of PPARα in CP-mediated beneficial effect. Conclusion This study revealed the hypoglycemic and hepatoprotective effect of CP by regulating gut microbiota composition and PPARα subcellular localization, highlighting its potential for therapeutic candidate for metabolic disorders.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the preferred modes of transportation to the hospital among patients with acute stroke and acute myocardial infarction (AMI), as well as to identify the factors that influence the utilization of ambulances. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study, including patients who were diagnosed with acute stroke and AMI, at the people’s hospital of Zhongjiang, from September 30th, 2022 to August 30th, 2023. All patients were divided into emergency medical service (EMS)-activation group and self-transportation group. Chi-square and t-tests were utilized to discern differences between groups at baseline. To screen relevant variables, we employed the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression analysis using R package glmnet. Subsequently, we performed a logistic regression analysis to identify predictors of EMS activation according the results of LASSO regression. Results we collected 929 valid questionnaires. 26.16% of the patients required the services of EMS. 90.9% of individuals have not received any formal first aid education. 42.1% of them reported that they had no understanding of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Diagnosed as AMI (OR 0.22, 95%CI 0.06 to 0.88) or acute cerebral infarction (OR 0.26, 0.10 to 0.68), the distance between the patient and the nearest 120 network hospital when the patient had these symptoms (OR 0.97, 0.94 to 0.99), the patient’s son or daughter was there when the patient was symptomatic (OR 0.58, 0.37 to 0.94), the patient (OR 0.19, 0.05 to 0.72) and the patient’s partner (wife or husband) (OR 0.36, 0.16 to 0.85) had decided that the patient needed further medical help, Among patients who did not seek immediate help after symptom onset, thinking that the symptoms will disappear spontaneously (OR 0.34, 0.13 to 0.92) or not wanting to disturb others (OR 0.06, 0.01 to 0.66) or believing that they are not important symptoms (OR 0.15, 0.05 to 0.42) were factors independently associated with less ambulance use. Age (OR 1.02, 1.00 to 1.04), Stroke patients have experienced symptoms of disturbance of consciousness or convulsions (OR 2.99, 1.72 to 5.2) were independent factors associated with increased ambulance use. Conclusion There is still ambulance underutilization among patients with acute stroke and AMI in county territory of China. Moreover, it is needed to raise the level of first aid education and awareness about EMS. Additionally, private clinic doctors and the public should gain adequate understanding of the severity of acute stroke and AMI, as well as their common symptoms, the crucial importance of prompt medical intervention. Finally, we propose that all township hospitals should be integrated into the 120 emergency networks and equipped with emergency first aid capabilities, pre-hospital care, and transportation abilities.

Aluminum alloy welding frequently experiences difficulties such as heat input control, poor weld formation, and susceptibility to pore generation. We compared the use of two different modulations for double-pulse metal inert gas (MIG) welding to reduce the heat input required to generate oscillations in the weld pool. The stabilities of rectangular wave-modulated and trapezoidal wave-modulated double-pulse MIG welding (DP-MIG and TP-MIG) were analyzed by examining their welding processes and weld profiles. We found that the transitional pulse in TP-MIG welding results in smoother current transitions, softer welding arc sounds, and a highly uniform fish-scale pattern. Therefore, TP-MIG welding is more stable than DP-MIG welding. The effects of these double-pulse modulation schemes on welding input energy are presented. We propose methods for reducing welding input energy by varying the number of pulses or the pulse base time of low-energy pulse train while keeping the welding current and welding arc stable and unchanged. Compared to DP-MIG welding, TP-MIG welding reduces the input energy by 12% and produces finer grain sizes, which increases weld hardness. Therefore, TP-MIG welding offers a new approach for heat input control in DP-MIG welding of aluminum alloys. The results of this work are significant for aluminum alloy welding.

This study aimed to investigate the impacts of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets on intelligence and behavior in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. One hundred and twenty children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder admitted to Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China from January 2023 to January 2025 were included and randomly divided into a control group and a study group. The study group adopted methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets. The control group adopted placebo. Compared with the control group, the study group had an increase in intelligence level scores, self-awareness scores and quality of life scores as well as a decrease in behavior scores and clinical symptoms scores following 12 weeks of treatment. Compared with the control group, 5-hydroxytryptamine, norepinephrine and dopamine levels in the study group were higher after 12 weeks of treatment. However, the above indicators showed no differences in the control group between before and after treatment. We conclude that methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets improve the intelligence level, attention and behavior problems, promote self-awareness and quality of life, and improve the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Cette étude visait à évaluer l'impact des comprimés de chlorhydrate de méthylphénidate à libération prolongée sur l'intelligence et le comportement d'enfants atteints de trouble déficitaire de l'attention avec hyperactivité (TDAH). Cent vingt enfants atteints de TDAH, admis au Nanjing First Hospital, Université de médecine de Nanjing, en Chine, entre janvier 2023 et janvier 2025, ont été inclus et répartis aléatoirement en un groupe témoin et un groupe d'étude. Le groupe d'étude a pris des comprimés de chlorhydrate de méthylphénidate à libération prolongée. Le groupe témoin a pris un placebo. Comparativement au groupe témoin, le groupe d'étude a présenté une augmentation des scores d'intelligence, de conscience de soi et de qualité de vie, ainsi qu'une diminution des scores de comportement et des symptômes cliniques après 12 semaines de traitement. Comparativement au groupe témoin, les taux de 5-hydroxytryptamine, de noradrénaline et de dopamine étaient plus élevés après 12 semaines de traitement. Cependant, les indicateurs mentionnés ci-dessus n'ont montré aucune différence entre le groupe témoin avant et après le traitement. Nous concluons que les comprimés de chlorhydrate de méthylphénidate à libération prolongée améliorent le niveau d'intelligence, l'attention et les troubles du comportement, favorisent la conscience de soi et la qualité de vie, et améliorent les taux de neurotransmetteurs monoamines chez les enfants atteints de trouble déficitaire de l'attention avec hyperactivité.