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The current study sought to determine whether Tribulus terrestris fruit extracts could protect rats from hepato-renal damage brought on by ivermectin. To assess the effectiveness of Tribulus terrestris extracts against liver and renal toxicity as well as related histopathological alterations, vitamin \"C\" was employed as a comparison standard medication. Thirty rats were divided into two main groups; the first main group (6 rats) received a basal diet and used as the negative group. The second main group of 24 rats received ivermectin (IVM) (200 mg / kg of body weight) for 30 days in order to develop hepatic renal toxicity. Four separate groups were created from the second main group: Group 2 received a basal diet and used as the positive control group. Groups 3 and 4 consumed a basal diet in addition to oral Tribulus terrestris (TT) ethanolic and aqueous extracts (200 mg per kg of body weight), respectively. Group (5) consumed a basal diet along with oral vitamin \"C\" (200 mg per kilogram of body weight) for 28 days. Phenolic compounds in TT extract were identified using a high-performance gas chromatograph. The outcomes proved that groups of rats administered for 28 days with Tribulus terrestris extracts as well as vitamin \"C\" at a dose of 200 mg/Kg body weight have shown improvement in feed efficiency ratio body weight gain, feed intake, function of the kidneys and liver variables serum and urinary electrolytes (sodium and potassium), some immunological profiles (interleukin 6 and interleukin 10) and antioxidant enzymes activity. The group given Tribulus terrestris ethanolic extract (200mg/Kg body weight) had the best outcomes. The biochemical evaluation was corroborated by a histopathological investigation. According to the results of this investigation, Tribulus terrestris extracts could be utilized as a successful treatment to lessen the ivermectin induced liver and kidney damage in rats because they contain many phenolic antioxidant compounds.

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of spirulina on rats suffering from iron deficiency anemia. The current study was performed on 30 mature albino rats weighing 200+10g. Rats were divided into two main groups. The first group (6 rats) fed on the basal diet as control-ve. The second group (24 rats) were fed on tannic acid by 20 g/kg diet then divided into 4 subgroups each (6 rats). Group 2 fed on basal diet as control+ve. Groups 3,4 and 5 fed on basal diet supplemented with 2,4 and 6 % spirulina powder, respectively. At the end of the experimental time (28 days), feed intake (FI),Feed efficiency ratio(FER) and body weight gain (BWG) were calculated. Blood Hemoglobin (Hb), Hematocrit (%), White Blood Cells (WBC), Red Blood Cells (RBC),Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Cell Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), serum glcose and platelets of anemic rats were determined. Also, the chemical composition and mineral components of spirulina were determined. Baladi bread was made and fortified with spirulina and the sensory evaluations were applied. Results showed that treatment with spirulina can increase F.I, F.E.R, B.W.G, Hb,Hematocrit(%),WBC, RBC,MCH, MCVand MCHC, but decrease serum glucose level and platelets of anemic rats. Sensory evaluation tests indicated greater acceptability of bread fortified with spirulina powder at a concentration of (0.5- 1%) as compared to the control sample. In conclusion, data suggested that spirulina is useful for anemic persons because it is a good source of iron.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of some plants against testicular damage caused by cadmium chloride in male rats. Thirty-six adult male albino rats weighing 150 ± 20 g were split into two major groups at random. The first main group consisted of six rats and was considered as negative control group, as they were fed on basal diet only. The second main group (30 rats) received an intra-peritoneal injection of two milligrams of cadmium chloride per kilogram of body weight to injure their testicles. Five groups were then created from this second main group, each containing six rats. One of the five groups was designated as a positive control group, while the other four groups were fed on yohimbe, horny goat weed, maca powder and their mixture at 5% of the diet for 28 days, respectively. The testes were extracted for histopathological examination and evaluation of antioxidant enzyme activity. The findings indicated that, when compared to the positive control group, consuming 5% of yohimbe, horny goat weed, maca powder and their mixture for 28 days led to significant increases in the levels of the serum sex hormones (luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)), in addition to increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in testicular tissue. However, there were significant decreases in the indicators for kidney and liver function, lipid profiles and serum glucose level. It can be recommended that the consumption of yohimbe, horny goat weed and maca in the diet has anti-testicular toxicity and antioxidant effects that play significant safer role in fertility and inhibit of complications

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of ethanolic reishi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) extract on immunity in hepatic rats at three various doses (120, 240 and 360 mg/kg body weight), orally. Twenty five (25) mature male albino rats weighting 190 + 10 g were used in this research. The rats were divided into two main groups, the first group (5 rats) still fed on basal diet and the second main group (20 rats) had given CCl4twice a week for 15 days to induce liver impaired in rats, then classified into four sub groups (5 rats in each group) one of them left as control positive and other three groups fed on three doses of mushroom extract (120, 240 and 360 mg/kg body weight) orally for 28 days. The obtained results of hepatic rats revealed that reishi mushroom extract showed a significant increase in WBC, lymphocytes, killing cells, IgG, IgM, SOD and CAT but with significant decreases in liver functions markers (ALT, AST and ALP), serum glucose level , TNF-α and MDA as compared with control positive group. In conclusion, the study recommended using reishi mushroom in our daily diets to improve immunity and liver functions.

Bioactive compounds found in natural sources have the potential to act as oxygen free cleaners or metal chelators, enabling their use as natural antidote for heavy metal toxicity. So, in this research , the ethanolic extract of Coriandrum sativum leaves and seeds was evaluated for its potential effect in reducing the harmful effect of lead in rats. Thirty rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. Group1 set as a negative control group. Group 2 received a daily dose of lead acetate (40 mg/kg body weight orally) for 7 days for induction of oxidative stress then reclassified into 5 groups . Group 2 was left as a positive control group .Group three and four received an oral dose of coriander leaves extract (100 and 200 mg /kg), respectively. While the fifth and sixth group received an oral dose of coriander seeds extract (100 and 200 mg /kg), respectively. The content of coriander leaf and seed extracts of phenolic and flavonoid substances was estimated. Also, the effect of these treatments on lead concentration in serum, liver and brain, kidney and liver function markers, lipid profile, oxidative stress markers, glucose level , and histopathological changes in liver and brain was evaluated .The results showed an increase in indicators of liver and kidney function ,lipid profile, glucose level and in the signs of oxidative stress in rats treated with lead acetate ,while the effect was mitigated by leaf and seed coriander extract. Also, extract improved the tissue structure of the liver and brain. The effect of coriander leaves was more pronounced than that of the seeds. From the previous results it was shown that coriander possesses antioxidant activity and thus can be used as a natural chelating agent for lead toxicity.

Lemon verbena (Aloysia citriodora) is an herb characterized by containing a large amount of phenols such as flavonoids and phenylpropanoids, which have been found to play an effective role in controlling digestive disorders. So that, this study sought to evaluate the gastroprotective properties of lemon verbena against stomach ulcers in rats induced by ethanol. Randomly , thirty male Albino rats were divided into five groups (6/each). Rats were injected with ethanol to induce stomach ulcers. The antiulcer activity of lemon verbena leaves ethanol extract (LVEE) were estimated at different doses (50 and 100 mg/kg body weight) and compared with omeprazole (OMZ) which used as a standard drug at dose (40mg/kg body weight). To find out the possible mechanisms of action, data of the present study estimated the levels of oxidative stress parameters. Gastric juice volume, pH, and other stomach ulcer examinations as well as histological examination of gastric ulcers were done. Rats that were given ethanol only (positive group) showed significant elevations in ulcer score, ulcer index (UI) and decreases antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, the levels of malonaldehyde (MDA) remarkably increased in the positive group compared to the negative group. The pretreatment of rats with LVEE at different dose levels not only improved stomach ulcer measurements and the activities of antioxidants but also significantly reduced the concentration of MDA in stomach tissues. These results confirm that LVEE has gastroprotective properties by stimulating antioxidant enzymes. Finally, lemon verbena leaves powder has been used in bread flour with the goal of producing a fortified bread that can be recommended for stomach ulcer patients.

The present study was intended to investigate the potential ameliorative role of ashwagandha roots extract (ARE) on oxidative stress. Thirty (30) adult male albino rats were randomly distributed into 2 main groups. The first main group (6 rats) fed on the basal diet as a negative control group (normal rats). The second main group (24 rats) injected by a single intraperitoneal dose of potassium bromate at dose of 125 mg/kg body weight to induce oxidative stress then reclassified into 4 sub-groups one of them left as a positive control group and other three groups were given three doses of ashwagandha roots ethanolic extract (150, 300 and 450 mg/kg body weight) orally, respectively. The treatment lasted for 28 days. Also, the potential effect of ashwagandha roots extract against the human liver carcinoma cell line (HEPG2) has been studied in vitro. The obtained results revealed that oral administration of ashwagandha roots extract for 28 days (150, 300,450 mg / kg body weight) caused significant (P ≤ 0.05) increases in HDL, Catalase and Glutathione transferase but with significant (P ≤ 0.05) decreases in serum glucose level, TC, TG, LDL, VLDL, MDA, kidney function and liver function markers. Alo, ashwagandha roots extract caused death of liver cancer cells. In conclusion, the study recommended using ashwagandha in our daily diets to block many complications by controlling oxidative stress.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Doum and Mustard seeds powder on fertility level of male rats. Thirty mature male rats weighting 160 + 10 g were randomly distributed into equal five groups. Six rats served as control negative group while twenty four rats were injected by two doses of cadmium chloride (CdCl2, 0.1%) at 0.1 ml /100g body weight intraperitoneal to induce sterility.These rats were reclassified into control positive group and three treated groups that fed on standard diet containing 5% Doum, 5% Mustard and 5% their mixture. The study period was 28 days. At the end of the experiment blood samples were collected for determination of serum levels of testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), liver functions markers (GOT, GPT, ALP), kidney functions markers (urea, creatinine and uric acid), serum glucose level and lipid profiles (TC, TG, HDL, LDL and VLDL). The testicles were extracted for a pathological examination and measured the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx and CAT). The results showed that consuming the powder of Doum, Mustard and thier mixture at 5% for 28 days caused a significant increases in serum levels of HDL , T, FSH and LH hormones and testes tissue antioxidant activities associated with alleviation of testicular degeneration but with significant decreases in the rest of the analyses referred to previously, as compared with control positive group. In conclusion, the administration of Doum and Mustard can lower the side effects of cadmium chloride testicular damage and improve the health status of testis with increase of reproductive potential . Doum and Mustard can be considered as one of aphrodisiacs.

This work aimed to study the effects of high fat diet enriched with Gymnema Syylvestre leaves (GSL) on obese rats. Thirty (30) male albino rats weighting 150-160g used in this study and assigned to 5 groups. The negative control group received basal diet throughout the experimental period. However, the experimental groups including 24 rats were feed on specific high fat diet (HFD) for 21 days to induced by obesity and hyperlipidemic rats. Rats fed on high fat- diets treated with GSL at (2,4 and 6%) indicated significantly decrease (p≤ 0.05) in feed intake (F.I), body weight gain (BWG), and feed efficiency ratio (FER) at (p ≤ 0.05) comparing with control positive . in the same time the positive control group significantly increased in FI, BWG and FER compared to the negative control group. Also, tested leaves showed a significant decreases (p≤ 0.05) in mean value of liptin Hormone, TSH, T.C, T.G, LDL,VLDL and AI comparing with control positive group. On the other hand there were a significant increases (p ≤ 0.05) in means values of T3, T4 and HDL of obese rats treated with GSL. Inconclusion, GSL could be recommended in our daily drinks and diets in a moderate amount (5-10 g).