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To stratify groups of infants by gestational age and identify the lower limit of normal (LLN) of the cross-sectional area of peripheral muscles as well as diaphragmatic excursion and thickness and parasternal activation during spontaneous respiration in full-term and preterm newborns. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a neonatal unit. Preterm newborns (PTNBs) with gestational age of 28 to 36 6/7  weeks and full-term newborns (NBs) with gestational age of 37 to 41 6/7  weeks, clinically and hemodynamically stable, breathing ambient air with no signs of respiratory distress were included. NBs on oxygen therapy, those with known genetic syndromes, malformations of the nervous system and those having undergone surgery were excluded. Ultrasound was performed over the rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, and biceps brachii muscles (cross-sectional area) and diaphragm (thickness and excursion). One hundred twenty NBs were stratified based on gestational age (< 30 weeks [ n  = 25]; 31 to 35 weeks [ n  = 51]; 37 to 41 6/7  weeks [ n  = 44]). Significant differences were found in the cross-sectional area of the rectus femoris muscles and thigh circumference of NBs > 37 weeks compared to the other 2 groups ( p  < 0.05). Differences were found in diaphragm thickness and excursion between the groups with gestational age > 37 weeks and < 30 weeks. Greater activation of the parasternal muscles was found in the PTNBs. With regard to LLN, significant differences were found between the groups with gestational age > 37 weeks and < 30 weeks for all variables analyzed and between the group with gestational age > 37 weeks and other 2 groups for the cross-sectional area of the rectus femoris, diaphragmatic excursion, and diaphragm contraction velocity. Differences were found among the groups in the size of peripheral muscles as well as diaphragm thickness and excursion. Moreover, greater activation of the parasternal muscle was found in NBs with gestational age < 30 weeks. This study establishes normal values of ultrasound measures for full-term and preterm newborns.

Microorganisms are employed to mine economically important elements from rocks, including the rare earth elements (REEs), used in electronic industries and alloy production. We carried out a mining experiment on the International Space Station to test hypotheses on the bioleaching of REEs from basaltic rock in microgravity and simulated Mars and Earth gravities using three microorganisms and a purposely designed biomining reactor. Sphingomonas desiccabilis enhanced mean leached concentrations of REEs compared to non-biological controls in all gravity conditions. No significant difference in final yields was observed between gravity conditions, showing the efficacy of the process under different gravity regimens. Bacillus subtilis exhibited a reduction in bioleaching efficacy and Cupriavidus metallidurans showed no difference compared to non-biological controls, showing the microbial specificity of the process, as on Earth. These data demonstrate the potential for space biomining and the principles of a reactor to advance human industry and mining beyond Earth. Rare earth elements are used in electronics, but increase in demand could lead to low supply. Here the authors conduct experiments on the International Space Station and show microbes can extract rare elements from rocks at low gravity, a finding that could extend mining potential to other planets.

The IABC Handbook of Organizational Communication THIS NEW EDITION of The IABC Handbook of Organizational Communication contains a comprehensive collection of practical knowledge about successful corporate communication and its effect on an organization as a whole.

In this paper, we describe the development of an International Space Station experiment, BioRock. The purpose of this experiment is to investigate biofilm formation and microbe–mineral interactions in space. The latter research has application in areas as diverse as regolith amelioration and extraterrestrial mining. We describe the design of a prototype biomining reactor for use in space experimentation and investigations on in situ Resource Use and we describe the results of pre-flight tests.

McKinsey researchers describe resilience \"as the ability to deal with adversity, withstand shocks, and continuously adapt and accelerate as disruptions and crises arise over time.\" Because inclusion means that everyone's contribution is valued, it is closely tied to trust, an essential part of building resilience. Research finds that employees who trust their colleagues, managers, and leaders are an astonishing 42 times more likely to be highly resilient. * Apply innovative thinking and increase collaboration. Because inclusion requires having respect for our differences, it has the power to cut through siloes and enhance greater innovation and collaboration. Workplace misconduct cost U.S. businesses $20 billion and the EEOC reported $61.6 million in monetary benefits for harassment charges. Because inclusive culture instills the values of fairness, appreciation and respect it can save your organization from these costly situations. * Protect your reputation. Creating an inclusive culture can make you an \"employer of choice,\" if you consider research from Monster.com showing that 86 percent of job seekers place a high value on inclusion and 62 percent would turn down an offer from a company that did not support inclusion. 5 Building Blocks for Inclusive Leadership-Especially When You're Under Pressure In a previous HR.com article.

Experiments with microbial biofilms in microgravity and simulated microgravity have revealed altered growth kinetics, but geomicrobial biofilms have not yet been studied in low gravity environments. No characterisation of biofilms, geomicrobial or otherwise, have been conducted at hypergravity. This thesis explores factors affecting microbe-mineral interactions under terrestrial conditions, lays the groundwork for a scheduled microgravity experiment, and provides the first data on biofilms grown at hypergravity. As a first step in understanding microbe-mineral interactions in altered gravity environments, experiments were undertaken to identify factors that constrain attachment in a terrestrial environment. The model organism Sphingomonas desiccabilis and basaltic rock from Iceland were selected, and the minerals that make up the basalt were identified and procured in their pure form. The relative significance of physical factors such as hydrophobicity, surface charge, porosity and nutritional value were examined in relationship to the success with which biofilms colonised the mineral surfaces. Growth was measured by the quantity of biofilm biomass after a ifxed time period, using Crystal Violet stain, in order to draw conclusions about the most influential physical conditions on biofilm attachment to a substrate. It was found that mineral attachment is influenced more by porosity and nutritional value than by hydrophobicity or surface charge. To explore how reduced gravity affects biofilm formation and weathering rates, a European Space Agency experiment, BioRock, is underway. Samples of basalt, with monocultures of three different organisms, will be sent to the International Space Station in 2019 for long-term exposure to Martian and micro-gravity. Research testing proof of concepts, material compatibility, and experimental procedure and equipment is described. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to image the biofilms, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) experiments were conducted to compare biotic and abiotic elemental release rates from basalt. Both of these methods will be employed for post-flight analysis of BioRock. Preliminary terrestrial ICP-MS experiments indicated that rare Earth elements (REEs) showed the most reliable reflection of leaching patterns overall, as a consequence of their high molecular weight and low volatility during the ashing procedure. To fully understand gravity's effect on microbiological processes it is important to investigate what occurs when its influences are removed, but also to establish what occurs when extra gravitational force is applied. Using simulated hypergravity, achieved through hyper-acceleration on a geotechnical centrifuge, the effects of 10 x g on biofilm development and the leaching of basalt were investigated. As this was the first time that biofilms had been studied under hypergravity, additional substrates were included with the basalt, to enable characterisation of the more general response of biofilms to hypergravity. In contrast to previous experiments conducted on planktonic bacteria, which found decreased population sizes, the biofilms grown at 10 x g showed greater biomass than the 1 x g samples. ICP-MS showed no difference in the average weathering rates, but greater variability in the higher gravity samples. The data collected here advances our understanding of microbial interactions with geologically important substrates, with implications for an ISS microgravity experiment and future human space exploration. It also presents new intelligence on the previously unstudied effects of hypergravity on biofilms and rock weathering.

The study's findings posit that \"Employers who recognize and prioritize psychological safety alongside physical safety in their post-pandemic operations can help employees' mental health and their own efforts to cultivate inclusive workplaces. According to Lisa Nagele-Piazza, J.D., SHRM-SCR \"Waiting around until something rises to legally actionable is going to be a problem for your organization.\" Get to know your team members as people, not just employees. * Foster a sense of belonging -Ensure that everyone knows that their voice is important and give them one-on-one time to share their thoughts. * Bring compassion -If a team member is not meeting expectations, approach the situation with compassion, understanding and a true desire to help them succeed. * Enable honesty and vulnerability - Ensure that employees feel psychologically safe to talk about sensitive issues and share their personal truths.

Training and education can be effective ways to gain these skills, as they relate to diversity and inclusion. Because there is no more powerful connection to a human being than to hear another person's truth, it is important to tap into the kind of learning that will enable you to hear real people telling their own stories. According to sociologist and author, Tracy Bower, Ph.D., \"...as we go through tough times, struggle with burnout or find it challenging to find happiness at work, empathy can be a powerful antidote and contribute to positive experiences for individuals and teams.\" According to the non-profit organization, Business Relationship Management Institute, \"Human-centered management empowers employees to do their best work, clearly communicates the company's goals, and shows them the path to success. [...]employees remain a company's most valuable asset. [...]it becomes increasingly important for businesses to treat their employees with respect and appreciation.\"

According to research featured in Harvard Business Review, inclusive leaders also have \"awareness of bias\" in that, \"They show awareness of personal blind spots as well as flaws in the system and work hard to ensure meritocracy.\" [...]inclusive leaders embody diversity, equity,and inclusion in both thought and practice. Measuring progress can include employee feedback (prioritizing under-repre-sented groups), surveys, focus groups with positive/negative correlations to leadership indu si vity, improved employee engagement, reduction in absenteeism by department and employee retention levels.

Establish cross-cutting mentorship programs and affinity groups that provide employees with ongoing support. 3. Natasha Nicholson is the Senior Content Manager at Kanto I a Training Solutions, an innovative e-Learning company focused on Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion and Harassment Prevention training solutions. Prior to Kantola, she was the Content Director for the International Association of Business Communicators (IABC), and served as Executive Editor for Communication World and Catalyst magazines.