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Flexible factories and adaptive fabrication lines offer a testbed for advanced multimodal interaction concepts that can support the inclusion of disabled workers in Industry 5.0 manufacturing systems. The study synthesizes interdisciplinary data from ergonomics, industrial automation, and EU regulatory frameworks to establish a conceptual model for human-machine interaction. Building on conceptual modeling and a structured literature analysis, the study proposes a six-step integration framework that links task demands, worker capabilities, and interaction modalities within human-in-the-loop manufacturing environments. Although no empirical case study was conducted in this phase, an exemplary application is presented for a semi-automated bike wheel manufacturing process. Detailed machine-based assembly line flows and simulated process data were utilized for illustrative purposes to depict the process and validate the proposed Capability–Task Matching Matrix. The results operationalize the human-centric vision of Industry 5.0 by providing a structured methodology for the inclusion of disabled workers within fabrication environments. The findings are organized into two primary components: the conceptual development of the Integration Approach and its practical application to a semi-automated industrial use-case. Finally, a particular focus is placed on Brain–Computer Interfaces (BCIs) as an emerging interaction channel that enables non-muscular control, attention monitoring, and neuroadaptive feedback, complementing conventional interfaces rather than replacing them. The framework is illustrated through application to the same semi-automated bicycle wheel assembly line, where BCI-supported interaction, augmented interfaces, and robotic assistance are mapped to specific production tasks and assessed in terms of feasibility and technological maturity. Drawing on the paper’s results, an explanatory 10-year roadmap outlines the feasibility and phased deployment of BCI solutions. It aligns technological advances with European regulations and a vision for a fully inclusive manufacturing enterprise.

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plays a key role in regulating the levels of plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Here, we demonstrate that the compound PF-06446846 inhibits translation of PCSK9 by inducing the ribosome to stall around codon 34, mediated by the sequence of the nascent chain within the exit tunnel. We further show that PF-06446846 reduces plasma PCSK9 and total cholesterol levels in rats following oral dosing. Using ribosome profiling, we demonstrate that PF-06446846 is highly selective for the inhibition of PCSK9 translation. The mechanism of action employed by PF-06446846 reveals a previously unexpected tunability of the human ribosome that allows small molecules to specifically block translation of individual transcripts.

More than 250 plumes of gas bubbles have been discovered emanating from the seabed of the West Spitsbergen continental margin, in a depth range of 150–400 m, at and above the present upper limit of the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ). Some of the plumes extend upward to within 50 m of the sea surface. The gas is predominantly methane. Warming of the northward‐flowing West Spitsbergen current by 1°C over the last thirty years is likely to have increased the release of methane from the seabed by reducing the extent of the GHSZ, causing the liberation of methane from decomposing hydrate. If this process becomes widespread along Arctic continental margins, tens of Teragrams of methane per year could be released into the ocean.

Nitrilases consist of a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of organic cyanides. They are found ubiquitously distributed in the plant kingdom. Plant nitrilases are mainly involved in the detoxification of ß-cyanoalanine, a side-product of ethylene biosynthesis. In the model plant a second group of -specific nitrilases (NIT1-3) has been found. This so-called NIT1-subfamily has been associated with the conversion of indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) into the major plant growth hormone, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). However, apart of reported functions in defense responses to pathogens and in responses to sulfur depletion, conclusive insight into the general physiological function of the NIT-subfamily nitrilases remains elusive. In this report, we test both the contribution of the indole-3-acetaldoxime (IAOx) pathway to general auxin biosynthesis and the influence of altered nitrilase expression on plant development. Apart of a comprehensive transcriptomics approach to explore the role of the IAOx route in auxin formation, we took a genetic approach to disclose the function of NITRILASE 1 (NIT1) of . We show that NIT1 over-expression (NIT1ox) results in seedlings with shorter primary roots, and an increased number of lateral roots. In addition, NIT1ox plants exhibit drastic changes of both free IAA and IAN levels, which are suggested to be the reason for the observed phenotype. On the other hand, RNAi knockdown lines, capable of suppressing the expression of all members of the NIT1-subfamily, were generated and characterized to substantiate the above-mentioned findings. Our results demonstrate for the first time that Arabidopsis NIT1 has profound effects on root morphogenesis in early seedling development.

Lithium's interaction with CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs), can enhancing its intrinsic electrical conductivity (σ) for high‐performance device applications. Herein, two distinctly different modes of Li⁺ interaction with CsPbBr3 NCs: minor lattice insertion (0.07% relative to Cs) and predominant surface passivation is reported through LimPbn alloy formation. In contrast, Li⁺ exhibits significantly reduced interaction with Cs4PbBr6 NCs, which could be due to the persence of lower amount of Pb2+ on the surface of these structures. The σ of CsPbBr3:xLi+ NCs through bottom‐contact devices exhibited a gradual increase from 2.1 × 10−7 to as high as 2.5 × 10−6 S m−1, which is a 50‐fold improvement compared to CsPbBr3 NCs. The enhanced σ is attributed to the presence of Li+ doping and surface passivation of CsPbBr3 by the LimPbn ligated complexes. DFT calculations revealed electron movement from the valence and to conduction band and a reduced bandgap further supporting the inferences from experimental studies. The unique feature of the increased luminescence and σ of CsPbBr3:Li+ NCs is explored for fabricating white light emitting diodes. The luminescence efficacy of the device is in the range of 88.5 to 112.5 lm W−1 which is higher compared to pure CsPbBr3 NCs (96.5 lm W−1), offering a pathway for advanced optoelectronic applications. Lithium doping in CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs) enhances electrical conductivity (50‐fold increase) and photoluminescence quantum yield (50% to 67%) via lattice insertion and LimPbn alloy passivation. Optimized LiBr:PbBr2 ratio enable controlled doping, while hydrolyzed LiBr induces a phase transition to Cs4PbBr6. White LEDs using CsPbBr3:Li+ NCs showed superior luminous efficiency (up to 112.5 lm W−1), advancing optoelectronic applications.

Precise control of quantum structures in hybrid nanocrystals requires advancements in scientific methodologies. Here, on the design of tunable CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 quantum dots are reported by developing a unique discrete phase transformation approach in Cs4PbBr6 nanocrystals. Unlike conventional hybrid systems that emit solely in the green region, this current strategy produces adjustable luminescence in the blue (450 nm), cyan (480 nm), and green (510 nm) regions with high photoluminescence quantum yields up to 45%, 60%, and 85%, respectively. Concentration‐dependent studies reveal that phase transformation mechanisms and the factors that drive CsBr removal occur at lower dilutions while the dissolution–recrystallization process dominates at higher dilutions. When the polymer‐CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 integrated into a field‐effected transistor the resulting phototransistors featured enhanced photosensitivity exceeding 105, being the highest reported for an n‐type phototransistor, while maintaining good transistor performances as compared to devices consisting of polymer‐CsPbBr3 NCs. This study demonstrates a kinetically controlled discrete phase transformation process that converts non‐luminescent Cs4PbBr6 nanocrystals into hybrid Cs4PbBr6/CsPbBr3 quantum structures emitting blue (430 nm), cyan (480 nm), and green (510 nm) light. The resulting hybrid QDs can be integrated with organic semiconducting polymers to achieve high‐performance n‐type field‐effect phototransistors.

Plants have evolved a variety of mechanisms for dealing with insect herbivory among which chemical defense through secondary metabolites plays a prominent role. Physiological, behavioural and sensorical adaptations to these chemicals provide herbivores with selective advantages allowing them to diversify within the newly occupied ecological niche. In turn, this may influence the evolution of plant metabolism giving rise to e.g. new chemical defenses. The association of Pierid butterflies and plants of the Brassicales has been cited as an illustrative example of this adaptive process known as 'coevolutionary armsrace'. All plants of the Brassicales are defended by the glucosinolate-myrosinase system to which larvae of cabbage white butterflies and related species are biochemically adapted through a gut nitrile-specifier protein. Here, we provide evidence by metabolite profiling and enzyme assays that metabolism of benzylglucosinolate in Pieris rapae results in release of equimolar amounts of cyanide, a potent inhibitor of cellular respiration. We further demonstrate that P. rapae larvae develop on transgenic Arabidopsis plants with ectopic production of the cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin without ill effects. Metabolite analyses and fumigation experiments indicate that cyanide is detoxified by β-cyanoalanine synthase and rhodanese in the larvae. Based on these results as well as on the facts that benzylglucosinolate was one of the predominant glucosinolates in ancient Brassicales and that ancient Brassicales lack nitrilases involved in alternative pathways, we propose that the ability of Pierid species to safely handle cyanide contributed to the primary host shift from Fabales to Brassicales that occured about 75 million years ago and was followed by Pierid species diversification.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001882.].

Lithium's interaction with CsPbBr nanocrystals (NCs), can enhancing its intrinsic electrical conductivity (σ) for high-performance device applications. Herein, two distinctly different modes of Li⁺ interaction with CsPbBr NCs: minor lattice insertion (0.07% relative to Cs) and predominant surface passivation is reported through Li Pb alloy formation. In contrast, Li⁺ exhibits significantly reduced interaction with Cs PbBr NCs, which could be due to the persence of lower amount of Pb on the surface of these structures. The σ of CsPbBr :xLi NCs through bottom-contact devices exhibited a gradual increase from 2.1 × 10 to as high as 2.5 × 10 S m , which is a 50-fold improvement compared to CsPbBr NCs. The enhanced σ is attributed to the presence of Li doping and surface passivation of CsPbBr by the Li Pb ligated complexes. DFT calculations revealed electron movement from the valence and to conduction band and a reduced bandgap further supporting the inferences from experimental studies. The unique feature of the increased luminescence and σ of CsPbBr :Li NCs is explored for fabricating white light emitting diodes. The luminescence efficacy of the device is in the range of 88.5 to 112.5 lm W which is higher compared to pure CsPbBr NCs (96.5 lm W ), offering a pathway for advanced optoelectronic applications.

Precise control of quantum structures in hybrid nanocrystals requires advancements in scientific methodologies. Here, on the design of tunable CsPbBr 3 /Cs 4 PbBr 6 quantum dots are reported by developing a unique discrete phase transformation approach in Cs 4 PbBr 6 nanocrystals. Unlike conventional hybrid systems that emit solely in the green region, this current strategy produces adjustable luminescence in the blue (450 nm), cyan (480 nm), and green (510 nm) regions with high photoluminescence quantum yields up to 45%, 60%, and 85%, respectively. Concentration‐dependent studies reveal that phase transformation mechanisms and the factors that drive CsBr removal occur at lower dilutions while the dissolution–recrystallization process dominates at higher dilutions. When the polymer‐CsPbBr 3 /Cs 4 PbBr 6 integrated into a field‐effected transistor the resulting phototransistors featured enhanced photosensitivity exceeding 10 5 , being the highest reported for an n ‐type phototransistor, while maintaining good transistor performances as compared to devices consisting of polymer‐CsPbBr 3 NCs.