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With the development of artificial intelligence, big data classification technology provides the advantageous help for the medicine auxiliary diagnosis research. While due to the different conditions in the different sample collection, the medical big data is often imbalanced. The class-imbalance problem has been reported as a serious obstacle to the classification performance of many standard learning algorithms. SMOTE algorithm could be used to generate sample points randomly to improve imbalance rate, but its application is affected by the marginalization generation and blindness of parameter selection. Focusing on this problem, an improved SMOTE algorithm based on Normal distribution is proposed in this paper, so that the new sample points are distributed closer to the center of the minority sample with a higher probability to avoid the marginalization of the expanded data. Experiments show that the classification effect is better when use proposed algorithm to expand the imbalanced dataset of Pima, WDBC, WPBC, Ionosphere and Breast-cancer-wisconsin than the original SMOTE algorithm. In addition, the parameter selection of the proposed algorithm is analyzed and it is found that the classification effect is the best when the distribution characteristics of the original data was maintained best by selecting appropriate parameters in our designed experiments.

Development of distant metastasis is the main cause of deaths in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Understanding the mechanism of PCa metastasis is of utmost importance to improve its prognosis. The role of exosomal long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) has been reported not yet fully understood in the metastasis of PCa. Here, we discovered an exosomal lncRNA HOXD-AS1 is upregulated in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cell line derived exosomes and serum exosomes from metastatic PCa patients, which correlated with its tissue expression. Further investigation confirmed exosomal HOXD-AS1 promotes prostate cancer cell metastasis in vitro and in vivo by inducing metastasis associated phenotype. Mechanistically exosomal HOXD-AS1 was internalized directly by PCa cells, acting as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to modulate the miR-361-5p/FOXM1 axis, therefore promoting PCa metastasis. In addition, we found that serum exosomal HOXD-AS1 was upregulated in metastatic PCa patients, especially those with high volume disease. And it is correlated closely with Gleason Score, distant and nodal metastasis, Prostatic specific antigen (PSA) recurrence free survival, and progression free survival (PFS). This sheds a new insight into the regulation of PCa distant metastasis by exosomal HOXD-AS1 mediated miR-361-5p/FOXM1 axis, and provided a promising liquid biopsy biomarker to guide the detection and treatment of metastatic PCa.

Stress urinary incontinence is a common disease in middle-aged and elderly women, which seriously affects the physical and mental health of the patients. For this reason, researchers have carried out a large number of studies on stress urinary incontinence. At present, it is believed that the pathogenesis of the disease is mainly due to changes related to age, childbirth, obesity, constipation and other risk factors that induce changes in the urinary control anatomy, including the anatomical factors of the urethra itself, the anatomical factors around the urethra and the anatomical factors of the pelvic nerve. The combined actions of a variety of factors lead to the occurrence of stress urinary incontinence. This review aims to summarize the anatomical pathogenesis of stress urinary incontinence from the above three perspectives.

Background Progression to a castration resistance state is the main cause of deaths in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Androgen Receptor (AR) signaling plays the central role in progression of Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC), therefore understanding the mechanisms of AR activation in the milieu of low androgen is critical to discover novel approach to treat CRPC. Methods Firstly, we explore the CRPC associated lncRNAs by transcriptome microarray. The expression and clinical features of lnc-LBCS are analyzed in three independent large-scale cohorts. The functional role and mechanism of lnc-LBCS are further investigated by gain and loss of function assays in vitro. Results The expression of Lnc-LBCS was lower in CRPC cells lines and tissues. LBCS downregulation was correlated with higher Gleason Score, T stage and poor prognosis of PCa patients. LBCS overexpression decreases, whereas LBCS knockdown increases, the traits of castration resistance in prostate cancer cells under androgen ablated or AR blocked condition. Moreover, knockdown of LBCS was sufficient to activate AR signaling in the absence of androgen by elevating the translation of AR protein. Mechanistically, LBCS interacted directly with hnRNPK to suppress AR translation efficiency by forming complex with hnRNPK and AR mRNA. Conclusions Lnc-LBCS functions as a novel AR translational regulator that suppresses castration resistance of prostate cancer by interacting with hnRNPK. This sheds a new insight into the regulation of CRPC by lncRNA mediated AR activation and LBCS-hnRNPK-AR axis provides a promising approach to the treatment of CRPC.

Automatic insertion machines play an important role in the assembly of through-hole electronic components on printed circuit boards (PCBs). However, for irregular multi-pin components, fixed-position registration strategies may fail to recover feasible insertion poses under grasping errors, manufacturing tolerances, and transportation-induced pin perturbations. To address this issue, this paper proposes a maximum-clearance optimization model with chaotic initialization for PCB component pin registration. First, the Graham–Scan algorithm is employed to generate convex polygons to simulate the geometric layout of component pins. Subsequently, random perturbations following two-dimensional normal distributions are introduced to simulate pin deformation caused by manufacturing and transportation processes. Then, a maximum-clearance objective is formulated to determine a feasible insertion pose under bounded translational and rotational adjustments. Finally, the resulting registration model is first evaluated through a solver-level comparison among three general-purpose numerical optimizers—namely, SLSQP, genetic algorithm, and simulated annealing—all applied to the same maximum-clearance formulation. In addition, representative registration baselines are introduced in a supplementary cross-paradigm comparison to clarify the difference between alignment-oriented registration accuracy and clearance-oriented insertion feasibility. Experimental results under an industrially motivated simulation setting show that, when solved by SLSQP, the proposed model achieved a clearance-based surrogate success rate of 98.44% over a complete simulated dataset of 1,400,000 samples, while maintaining an average computation time of 0.0198 s per sample. These results suggest that the proposed method provides computational evidence for the potential usefulness of a clearance-oriented geometric registration framework under simulated PCB insertion conditions motivated by field investigation data from Dalian Rijia Electronics Co., Ltd., rather than direct validation on a fully instrumented production line.

To evaluate the anatomical outcomes of transobturator tension-free sling combined with posterior pelvic reconstruction in patients with stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. This study included 50 women with stage II POP and SUI who underwent the combined surgery, along with 10 matched healthy controls. Preoperative and postoperative pelvic floor morphology was assessed via MRI, measuring parameters including perineal body area, urethral length, levator hiatus dimensions, vaginal angles, and spatial coordinates of key anatomical landmarks. Postoperative MRI demonstrated significant restoration of pelvic floor anatomy: perineal body area increased (572.84 ± 90.42 mm² vs. preoperative 306.24 ± 90.33 mm², P  < 0.001), urethral length extended (37.89 ± 4.70 mm vs. 31.58 ± 4.12 mm, P  < 0.001), and levator hiatus parameters normalized. Vaginal axial deviations and landmark coordinates were effectively corrected, showing statistical improvement compared to preoperative values ( P  < 0.05) and restoration to levels comparable with controls. The TOT combined with posterior pelvic reconstruction effectively restores pelvic floor anatomy and biomechanical balance, providing an objective imaging basis for the anatomical restoration achieved by this procedure in treating SUI with POP.

There is clearly a need for the development of new classes of antimicrobials to fight against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Here, we designed and synthesized of three ruthenium polypyridyl complexes: [Ru(bpy) 2 (BTPIP)](ClO 4 ) 2 ( Ru(II)-1 ), [Ru(bpy) 2 (ETPIP)](ClO 4 ) 2 ( Ru(II)-2 ) and [Ru(bpy) 2 (CAPIP)](ClO 4 ) 2 ( Ru(II)-3 ) ( N - N  = bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine), their antimicrobial activities against S. aureus were assessed. The lead complexes of this set, Ru(II)-1 (MIC = 0.016 mg/mL), was tested against biofilm. We also investigated whether bacteria can easily develop resistance to Ru(II)-1 . The result demonstrated that S. aureus could not easily develop resistance to the ruthenium complexes. In addition, aimed to test whether ruthenium complexes treatment could increase the susceptibility of S. aureus to antibiotics, the synergism between Ru(II)-1 and common antibiotics against S. aureus were investigated using the checkerboard method. Interesting, Ru(II)-1 could increased the susceptibility of S. aureus to some aminoglycoside antibiotics(kanamycin and gentamicin). Finally, in vivo bacterial infection treatment studies were also conducted through murine skin infection model. These results confirmed ruthenium complexes have good antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo. Graphic abstract

Background With the growing demand for fossil fuels and the severe energy crisis, lignocellulose is widely regarded as a promising cost-effective renewable resource for ethanol production, and the use of lignocellulose residues as raw material is remarkable. Polar organisms have important value in scientific research and development for their novelty, uniqueness and diversity. Results In this study, a fungus Aspergillus sydowii MS-19, with the potential for lignocellulose degradation was screened out and isolated from an Antarctic region. The growth profile of Aspergillus sydowii MS-19 was measured, revealing that Aspergillus sydowii MS-19 could utilize lignin as a sole carbon source. Its ability to synthesize low-temperature lignin peroxidase (Lip) and manganese peroxidase (Mnp) enzymes was verified, and the properties of these enzymes were also investigated. High-throughput sequencing was employed to identify and characterize the transcriptome of Aspergillus sydowii MS-19. Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZyme)-annotated genes in Aspergillus sydowii MS-19 were compared with those in the brown-rot fungus representative species, Postia placenta and Penicillium decumbens . There were 701CAZymes annotated in Aspergillus sydowii MS-19, including 17 cellulases and 19 feruloyl esterases related to lignocellulose-degradation. Remarkably, one sequence annotated as laccase was obtained, which can degrade lignin. Three peroxidase sequences sharing a similar structure with typical lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase were also found and annotated as haem-binding peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase-peroxidase. Conclusions In this study, the fungus Aspergillus sydowii MS-19 was isolated and shown to synthesize low-temperature lignin-degrading enzymes: lignin peroxidase (Lip) and manganese peroxidase (Mnp). These findings provide useful information to improve our understanding of low-temperature lignocellulosic enzyme production by polar microorganisms and to facilitate research and applications of the novel Antarctic Aspergillus sydowii strain MS-19 as a potential lignocellulosic enzyme source.

Objective: The prolapse mechanism of multifactorial impairment of the female pelvic floor system and the mechanics of the pelvic floor after apical suspension surgery are not yet understood, so we developed biomechanical models of the pelvic floor for the normal physiological state (0°) and 90° pathological state. Methods: Under different types and levels of the impairments and uterosacral suspensions, the possible changes in the morphometric characteristics and the mechanical characteristics of suspension and support functions were simulated based on the biomechanical models of the pelvic floor. Results: After the combined impairments, the descending displacement of the pelvic floor cervix and the stress and displacement of the perineal body reached maximum values. After surgical mesh implantation, the stresses of the normal pelvic floor were concentrated on the uterine fundus, cervix, and top of the bladder and the stresses of the 90° pathological state pelvic floor were concentrated on the uterine fundus, uterine body, cervix, middle of the posterior vaginal wall, and bottom of the perineal body. Conclusion: After the combined impairments, the biomechanical support of the bladder and sacrococcyx in the anterior (0°) and 90° pathological state pelvic floor system is diminished, the anterior vaginal wall dislodges from the external vaginal opening, and the posterior vaginal wall forms “kneeling” profiles. The pelvic floor system may evolve with a tendency toward the cervical prolapse with anterior and posterior vaginal wall prolapse and eventually prolapse. After surgical mesh implantation, the cervical position can be better restored; however, the load of combined impairment of the pelvic floor is mainly borne by the surgical mesh suspension, the biomechanical support function of pelvic floor organs and sacrococcyx was not repaired by the physiological structure, and the results of uterosacral suspension alone may be poor.

A real symmetric tensor A=(ai1…im)∈ℝ[m,n] is copositive (resp., strictly copositive) if Axm⩾0 (resp., Axm>0 ) for any nonzero nonnegative vector x ∈ ℝn. By using the associated hypergraph of A , we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the copositivity of A . For a real symmetric tensor A satisfying the associated negative hypergraph H−(A) and associated positive hypergraph H+(A) are edge disjoint subhypergraphs of a supertree or cored hypergraph, we derive criteria for the copositivity of A . We also use copositive tensors to study the positivity of tensor systems.