Explore the vast range of titles available.

Primary brainstem hemorrhage (PBSH) is a life-threatening neurological condition associated with high mortality and disability rates. Stereotactic hematoma aspiration surgery has been explored as a treatment option, and postoperative brainstem function monitoring is considered important for patient management. This study aimed to evaluate the integration of minimally invasive stereotactic aspiration surgery with quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) and transcranial Doppler (TCD) monitoring to assess brain function and improve predictive models for clinical outcomes in PBSH patients. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 34 PBSH patients admitted between December 2022 and October 2023. After applying exclusion criteria, 25 eligible patients underwent stereotactic aspiration surgery within 24-48 hours of symptom onset. Both qEEG and TCD monitoring were performed preoperatively and within 24 hours postoperatively. Changes in qEEG parameters and TCD-derived hemodynamic indices were analyzed to assess surgical safety and efficacy. Stereotactic surgery was associated with higher rates of favorable outcomes at 90 days compared with the non-surgical group (68.75% vs. 11.11%, p = 0.01). Postoperative TCD parameters improved significantly, indicating better hemodynamic stability, though no correlation with mRS scores was found. qEEG analysis showed significant correlations between RBP δ% and mRS scores (ρ = 0.480, p = 0.015), and RBP α% (ρ = -0.456, p = 0.022). aEEG also correlated strongly with 90-day mRS scores (ρ = 0.544, p = 0.004). The combined model of hematoma volume, RBP α%, and aEEG showed the highest predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.865). This study suggests the prognostic value of qEEG and explores the utility of combining neurophysiological monitoring with stereotactic aspiration surgery. The integration of these tools may assist in prognostic assessment for PBSH patients; however, validation in larger prospective studies is required before clinical adoption.

Bacterial adhesion onto mineral surfaces and subsequent biofilm formation play key roles in aggregate stability, mineral weathering and the fate of contaminants in soils. However, the mechanisms of bacteria-mineral interactions are not fully understood. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to determine the adhesion forces between bacteria and goethite in water and to gain insight into the nanoscale surface morphology of the bacteria-mineral aggregates and biofilms formed on clay-sized minerals. This study yields direct evidence of a range of different association mechanisms between bacteria and minerals. All strains studied adhered predominantly to the edge surfaces of kaolinite rather than to the basal surfaces. Bacteria rarely formed aggregates with montmorillonite, but were more tightly adsorbed onto goethite surfaces. This study reports the first measured interaction force between bacteria and a clay surface and the approach curves exhibited jump-in events with attractive forces of 97 ± 34 pN between E. coli and goethite. Bond strengthening between them occurred within 4 s to the maximum adhesion forces and energies of −3.0 ± 0.4 nN and −330 ± 43 aJ (10 −18  J), respectively. Under the conditions studied, bacteria tended to form more extensive biofilms on minerals under low rather than high nutrient conditions.

Readily available environmental covariates in current digital soil mapping usually do not indicate the spatial differences between deep soil attributes. This, to a large extent, leads to a decrease in the accuracy of 3D soil mapping with depth, which seriously affects the quality of soil information generated. This study tested the hypothesis that spatialized laboratory soil spectral information can be used as environmental covariates to improve the accuracy of 3D soil attribute mapping and proposed a new type of environmental covariable. In the first step, with soil-forming environmental covariates and independent soil profiles, laboratory vis-NIR spectral data of soil samples resampled into six bands in Anhui province, China, were spatially interpolated to generate spatial distributions of soil spectral measurements at multiple depths. In the second step, we constructed three sets of covariates using the laboratory soil spectral distribution maps at multiple depths: conventional soil-forming variables (C), conventional soil-forming variables plus satellite remote sensing wavebands (C+SRS) and conventional soil-forming variables plus spatialized laboratory soil spectral information (C+LSS). In the third step, we used the three sets of environmental covariates to develop random forest models for predicting soil attributes (pH; CEC, cation exchange capacity; Silt; SOC, soil organic carbon; TP, total phosphorus) at multiple depths. We compared the 3D soil mapping accuracies between these three sets of covariates based on another dataset of 132 soil profiles (collected in the 1980s). The results show that the use of spatialized laboratory soil spectral information as additional environmental covariates has a 50% improvement in prediction accuracy compared with that of only conventional covariates, and a 30% improvement in prediction accuracy compared with that of the satellite remote sensing wavebands as additional covariates. This indicates that spatialized laboratory soil spectral information can improve the accuracy of 3D digital soil mapping.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-based photogrammetric reconstruction is a key step in geometric digital twinning of bridges, but ensuring the quality of the reconstruction data through the planning of measurement configurations is not straightforward. This research investigates an approach for quantitatively evaluating the impact of different methodologies and configurations of UAV-based image collection on the quality of the collected images and 3D reconstruction data in the bridge inspection context. For an industry-grade UAV and a consumer-grade UAV, paths for image collection from different Ground Sampling Distance (GSD) and image overlap ratios are considered, followed by the 3D reconstruction with different algorithm configurations. Then, an approach for evaluating these data collection methodologies and configurations is discussed, focusing on trajectory accuracy, point-cloud reconstruction quality, and accuracy of geometric measurements relevant to inspection tasks. Through a case study on short-span road bridges, errors in different steps of the photogrammetric 3D reconstruction workflow are characterized. The results indicate that, for the global dimensional measurements, the consumer-grade UAV works comparably to the industry-grade UAV with different GSDs. In contrast, the local measurement accuracy changes significantly depending on the selected hardware and path-planning parameters. This research provides practical insights into controlling 3D reconstruction data quality in the context of bridge inspection and geometric digital twinning.

Debris poses multifaceted risks and jeopardizes various aspects of the environment, human health, safety, and infrastructure. The debris trajectory in turbulent wind flow is more dispersed due to the inherent randomness of the turbulent winds. This paper investigates the three-dimensional trajectories of plate-type wind-borne debris in turbulent wind fields via the method of numerical simulation. A 3D probabilistic trajectory model of plate-type wind-borne debris is developed. The debris trajectories are numerically calculated by solving the governing equation of debris motion and by introducing turbulent wind flows based on the near-ground wind field measured in the wind tunnel to account for the probability characteristics of the debris trajectory. The dimensionless velocities and displacements of the debris trajectory show good agreement with the experimental data in wind tunnel tests, confirming the rationality of the probabilistic trajectory model. Based on the validated trajectory model, the probability characteristics of the debris impact position, impact velocity, and kinetic energy, debris angular displacement, and angular velocity are analyzed in detail under five different wind attack angles. The proposed probabilistic model of plate-type debris in turbulent wind flow provides an accurate and effective method for predicting debris trajectory in three-dimensional space.

The vibroacoustic response and sound absorption performance of a structure composed of multilayer plates and one rigid back wall are theoretically analyzed. In this structure, all plates are two-dimensional, microperforated, and periodically rib-stiffened. To investigate such a structural system, semianalytical models of one-layer and multilayer plate structures considering the vibration effects are first developed. Then approaches of the space harmonic method and Fourier transforms are applied to a one-layer plate, and finally the cascade connection method is utilized for a multilayer plate structure. Based on fundamental acoustic formulas, the vibroacoustic responses of microperforated stiffened plates are expressed as functions of a series of harmonic amplitudes of plate displacement, which are then solved by employing the numerical truncation method. Applying the inverse Fourier transform, wave propagation, and linear addition properties, the equations of the sound pressures and absorption coefficients for the one-layer and multilayer stiffened plates in physical space are finally derived. Using numerical examples, the effects of the most important physical parameters—for example, the perforation ratio of the plate, sound incident angles, and periodical rib spacing—on sound absorption performance are examined. Numerical results indicate that the sound absorption performance of the studied structure is effectively enhanced by the flexural vibration of the plate in water. Finally, the proposed approaches are validated by comparing the results of stiffened plates of the present work with solutions from previous studies.

Purpose Attachment of bacteria on soil particles is ubiquitous and governs the transformation of nutrients and degradation of pollutants in soil and associated environments. The nature on the binding of bacteria by soil particles has remained unclear. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the adsorption of Pseudomonas putida on particle size fractions from an Ultisol as influenced by solution chemistry and organic matter. Materials and methods An Ultisol was collected from a forest land. One part of the soil was oxidized by H 2 O 2 to remove organic matter. The other part was without such oxidization. Each part of the soil was separated into four size classes: coarse sand (200–2,000 μm), fine sand (20–200 μm), silt (2–20 μm), and clay (<2 μm). The corresponding organic matter-left fractions (OM-left) and organic matter-removed (OM-removed) fractions were obtained. Meanwhile, P. putida was grown in beef extract peptone medium at 28°C to the stationary growth phase. Cells were harvested by centrifugation, washed in deionized water, and resuspended in 10 mM acetate buffer (pH 5.5). Batch experiments were carried out to analyze equilibrium adsorption of bacteria and the effects of pH and electrolyte concentrations on bacterial adsorption. Results and discussion The adsorption isotherms of P . putida on the size fractions conformed to the Langmuir equation. The maximum amount of P. putida adsorbed by clay fraction was 4.3 and 62.3 times as great as that by silt and sand fractions, respectively. The number of P. putida attached to OM-removed fractions was significantly larger than that to OM-left fractions. P. putida adsorption on OM-left fractions with increasing pH from 4.0 to 9.0 was reduced by 44.0–78.8%. At the same time, further decreases (7.5–21.1%) were observed in the adsorption for OM-removed ones. Mg 2+ was much more effective than Na + in enhancing P. putida attachment. Na + and Mg 2+ ions more strongly promoted P. putida adsorption on OM-left fractions than on OM-removed fractions. Conclusions Clay fraction presented the largest adsorption capacity for bacteria, followed by soil silt and sand fractions. As compared with silt and sand fractions, it is likely that the greater amounts of bacteria adsorbed by clay fractions were attributed to their higher content of clay minerals and iron oxides. Soil organic matter plays a suppressive role in the interfacial processes occurring during the initial bacterial attachment.

BackgroundPrimary brainstem hemorrhage (PBSH) is a life-threatening neurological condition associated with high mortality and disability rates. Stereotactic hematoma aspiration surgery has been explored as a treatment option, and postoperative brainstem function monitoring is considered important for patient management.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the integration of minimally invasive stereotactic aspiration surgery with quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) and transcranial Doppler (TCD) monitoring to assess brain function and improve predictive models for clinical outcomes in PBSH patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 34 PBSH patients admitted between December 2022 and October 2023. After applying exclusion criteria, 25 eligible patients underwent stereotactic aspiration surgery within 24-48 hours of symptom onset. Both qEEG and TCD monitoring were performed preoperatively and within 24 hours postoperatively. Changes in qEEG parameters and TCD-derived hemodynamic indices were analyzed to assess surgical safety and efficacy.ResultsStereotactic surgery was associated with higher rates of favorable outcomes at 90 days compared with the non-surgical group (68.75% vs. 11.11%, p = 0.01). Postoperative TCD parameters improved significantly, indicating better hemodynamic stability, though no correlation with mRS scores was found. qEEG analysis showed significant correlations between RBP δ% and mRS scores (ρ = 0.480, p = 0.015), and RBP α% (ρ = -0.456, p = 0.022). aEEG also correlated strongly with 90-day mRS scores (ρ = 0.544, p = 0.004). The combined model of hematoma volume, RBP α%, and aEEG showed the highest predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.865).ConclusionThis study suggests the prognostic value of qEEG and explores the utility of combining neurophysiological monitoring with stereotactic aspiration surgery. The integration of these tools may assist in prognostic assessment for PBSH patients; however, validation in larger prospective studies is required before clinical adoption.

Purpose – The natural frequency of a diaphragm with residual stress in contact with a liquid is investigated theoretically in this paper. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – An analytical calculation using the nondimensional added virtual mass incremental (NAVMI) factors is performed to find the dependency of the natural frequency on the residual stress when the diaphragm vibrating in contact with a liquid. Findings – The analysis gives the residual stress contribution to the added virtual mass. Originality/value – The magnitude of the added virtual mass depends on the residual stress. However, the magnitude of the natural frequency is found to be insignificant to the residual stress.

MicroRNAs （miRNAs） typically bind to unstructured miRNA-binding sites in target RNAs, leading to a mutual repression of expression. Here, we report that miR-1254 interacts with structured elements in cell cycle and apoptosis regulator 1 （CCAR1） 5＇ untranslated region （UTR） and this interaction enhances the stability of both molecules. miR-1254 can also act as a represser when binding to unstructured sites in its targets. Interestingly, structured miR-1254-targeting sites act as both a functional RNA motif-sensing unit, and an independent RNA functional unit that enhances miR-1254 expression. Artificially designed miRNA enhancers, termed ＂miRancers＂, can stabilize and enhance the activity of miRNAs of interest. We further demonstrate that CCAR1 5＇ UTR as a natural miRancer of endogenous miR-1254 re-sensitizes t~moxifen-resistant breast cancer cells to tamoxifen. Thus, our study presents a novel model of miRNA function, wherein highly structured miRancer-like motif-containing RNA fragments or miRanter molecules specifically interact with miRNAs, leading to reciprocal stabilization.