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Parental phubbing refers to the extent to which parents use or are distracted by their cell phone when they interact with their children. There has been growing scholarly interest in understanding the adverse effects of parental phubbing on adolescents’ development. However, it is less clear whether parental phubbing potentially increases adolescents' depressive symptoms, to date, and the understanding of the factors which may affect this relationship is also limited. The current study, therefore, examined the relationship between parental phubbing and adolescents’ depressive symptoms and sought to determine whether self-esteem and perceived social support simultaneously moderated this relationship. The participants included 2407 students (1202 girls; Mage = 12.75, SD = 0.58) from seven middle schools in China. They completed the questionnaires regarding their experience with parental phubbing, self-esteem, perceived social support, and depressive symptoms. Results indicated that adolescents with a high level of parental phubbing were likely to have a high level of depressive symptoms, after controlling age, gender, and perceived economic stress. Low self-esteem adolescents who experienced higher levels of parental phubbing were more likely to be depressed than high self-esteem adolescents. Furthermore, higher levels of parental phubbing significantly predicted increases in adolescents’ depressive symptoms when their self-esteem and perceived social support were both low, or one was low. In contrast, this effect became nonsignificant when adolescents’ self-esteem and perceived social support were both high. Parents who are concerned about adolescents’ depressive symptoms should pay closer attention to adolescents' self-esteem, as well as their perceived social support, in order to provide appropriate interventions.

The current study investigated the moderating effects of self-esteem and marital status on the association between partner phubbing and relationship satisfaction. Four hundred and twenty-nine Chinese adults completed the measures of partner phubbing, relationship satisfaction, self-esteem, and marital status. The findings revealed that partner phubbing was not significantly associated with relationship satisfaction. However, self-esteem moderated the association between partner phubbing and relationship satisfaction. More specifically, for high self-esteem adults, partner phubbing was significantly associated with relationship satisfaction. In contrast, for adults with low levels of self-esteem, this association became nonsignificant. The association between partner phubbing and relationship satisfaction was also moderated by marital status, which showed that the significant relation between partner phubbing and relationship satisfaction only existed among married adults.

Background Prognosis prediction for pancreatic cancer has always been difficult in clinical practice because of its high heterogeneity and mortality. The aim of the study was to assess the value of prognostic immune-inflammatory-nutritional (PIIN) score on overall survival (OS) in postoperative patients with pancreatic cancer and to develop a nomogram incorporating PIIN score. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed the clinic pathological data of 155 patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent radical surgery. PIIN score was calculated by measuring the fibrinogen (FIB), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score, and prognostic nutritional index (PNI). Patients were divided into two groups by PIIN score levels over a threshold of 37.2. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed using the Cox regression analysis model. The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to compare the prognostic values of the scoring systems. Finally, a nomogram based on PIIN score was constructed and validated. Results Multivariate regression analysis showed that PIIN score (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.171, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.207–3.906, P  = 0.010), lymphovascular invasion (HR = 1.663, 95% CI = 1.081–2.557, P  = 0.021), poor tumor grade (HR = 2.577, 95% CI = 1.668–3.982, P  < 0.001), bad TNM stage (I vs. II: HR = 1.791, 95% CI = 1.103–2.906, P  = 0.018; I vs. III: HR = 4.313, 95% CI = 2.365–7.865, P  < 0.001) and without adjuvant chemotherapy (HR = 0.552, 95% CI = 0.368–0.829, P  = 0.004) were independent risk factors for OS. The time-dependent ROC curves revealed that PIIN score was better than the other scoring systems in predicting survival prognosis. And last, the nomogram established from independent factors such as PIIN score had good predictive power for OS. The ROC curve results showed that the AUC values for 1, 3 and 5 years were 0.826, 0.798 and 0.846, respectively. The calibration plots showed the superior clinical applicability of the nomogram. Conclusion The nomogram model based on PIIN score can be utilized as one of the prognosis stratifications as well as postoperative follow-up for the development of individual treatment for pancreatic cancer.

Though the link between objective social class and interpersonal distrust has been well documented, the link between subjective social class and distrust has been less investigated. Besides, very little research has investigated the potential mechanism underlying this association. Based on relative deprivation theory and just world theory, the present study examined the relation between subjective social class and distrust as well as the mediating roles of individual/global relative deprivation and belief in a just world among college students in Chinese culture. A sample of 796 Chinese college students finished the measures of subjective social class, individual/group relative deprivation, belief in a just world, and interpersonal distrust. The result indicated that lower subjective social class was predictive of higher level of distrust. Path analyses indicated that individual relative deprivation mediated the association between subjective social class and distrust. Besides, belief in a just world and individual relative deprivation acted as sequential mediators between subjective social class and distrust. Furthermore, moderated mediation analysis did not support the moderating role of belief in a just world in the relationship model of subjective social class, individual/group relative deprivation, and interpersonal distrust. These findings highlight that to alleviate interpersonal distrust among students in the lower subjective social class, we should pay attention to students’ perceptions of justice and individual relative deprivation and how that could be shaping their interpersonal trust.

The link between empathy and aggression is well documented; yet, studies examining potential mechanisms that explain this association are limited. In the present study, we tested the relation between empathy and aggression and examined both the mediating and moderating effects of moral disengagement on this relation among Chinese male juvenile delinquents. Three hundred and fifty-seven male juvenile delinquents from one Chinese juvenile correctional facility completed the interpersonal reactivity index, the moral disengagement scale and the aggression questionnaire. The results indicated that moral disengagement partially mediated the influence of empathy on aggression. Moreover, moral disengagement moderated the relation between empathy and aggression. Specifically, there was a significant negative relation between empathy and aggression at low levels of moral disengagement. However, at high levels of moral disengagement, the relation between empathy and aggression was non-significant. The significance and limitations of the results are discussed.

This research tried to examine the effect of sense of control on moral judgments and the mediating roles of positive and negative affect. Sixty-one Chinese college students were randomly assigned to control-deprivation group and non-control deprivation group. After finishing an unsolvable “concept-formation task”, in which control deprivation was manipulated, participants rated sense of control, affective states, and made judgments in personal and impersonal moral dilemmas. Results showed that individuals in control deprivation condition were more likely to make utilitarian judgment in personal moral dilemmas rather than impersonal dilemmas. Furthermore, the negative affective states caused by control deprivation mediate the relationship between control deprivation and utilitarian moral judgment. Taken together, these results support dual-process model of moral judgment and control motivation theory.

Purpose The Naples prognostic score (NPS) is a comprehensive prognostic model that includes inflammatory and nutrition-related indicators and is increasingly used as a prognostic score for various malignant tumors. Given its predictive effect on prognosis in patients with gallbladder cancer, it is currently unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of preoperative NPS in predicting prognosis in gallbladder cancer surgery patients. Patients and methods A retrospective analysis was performed for 135 patients who underwent radical surgery for gallbladder cancer without preoperative treatment between March 2011 and January 2020. NPS was calculated by measuring the preoperative total cholesterol value, serum albumin value, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR). They were then divided into 3 groups (groups 0, 1, and 2) based on NPS scores. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify independent prognostic factors. Plot time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to compare the prognostic value of scoring systems. Finally, a nomogram model was developed with independent prognostic factors. Results Multivariate analysis showed that NPS was an independent risk factor affecting OS ( HR  = 3.417, p  < 0.05). The time-dependent ROC curve results showed that NPS had a better predictive value on survival prognosis than other indicators. The nomogram constructed according to independent factors such as NPS has a good predictive ability for OS. Conclusion As a simple and reliable tool, the NPS has important predictive value in the survival prognosis of gallbladder cancer patients. The nomogram model constructed by NPS will help determine prognosis and make individualized treatment decisions.

Background Deep learning has made significant advancements in the field of digital pathology, and the integration of multiple models has further improved accuracy. In this study, we aimed to construct a combined prognostic model using deep learning-extracted features from digital pathology images of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) alongside clinical predictive indicators and to explore its prognostic value. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 142 postoperative pathologically confirmed PDAC cases. These cases were divided into training ( n  = 114) and testing sets ( n  = 28) at an 8:2 ratio. Tumor whole-slide imaging features were extracted and screened to construct a pathological risk model based on a pre-trained deep learning model. Clinical and pathological data from the training set were used to select independent predictive factors for PDAC and establish a clinical risk model using LASSO, univariate, and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Based on the pathological and clinical risk models, a combined model was developed. The Harrell concordance index (C-index) was computed to assess the predictive performance of each model for PDAC survival prognosis. Results For the training and testing sets, the C-index values for the clinical risk model were 0.76 and 0.75, respectively; for the pathological risk model, they were 0.82 and 0.73, respectively; and for the combined model, they were 0.86 and 0.77, respectively. The combined model exhibited appropriate calibration at 1-, 3-, and 5-year time points, as well as a superior area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve and clinical net benefit compared to the single models. Conclusions Integrating the pathological and clinical risk models may provide a higher predictive value for survival prognosis.

Objective This study aims to investigate the risk factors associated with microvasculature invasion (MI) in patients with pancreatic cancer and evaluate its prognostic significance. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 288 pancreatic cancer patients who underwent radical pancreatectomy between June 2012 and June 2024. The collected data included demographic characteristics, pathological findings, and laboratory results. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify potential factors associated with the occurrence of MI. The Kaplan-Meier method was employed to estimate disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to assess the impact of various factors on patient prognosis. Results Among 288 patients, MI was detected in 93 patients (32.3%). Positive microvasculature biomarkers, positive regional lymph nodes (RNP), poor differentiation grade, and reduced MCV might be independent risk factors for MI. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that MI, tumor site, RNP, grade, chemotherapy, chloride (Cl) and thrombin time were independent risk factors for DFS and OS. Among 93 patients with MI, no statistically significant difference in prognosis was observed between the MVI and LVI subtypes. Conclusion Positive microvasculature biomarkers, positive RNP, poor histological grade, and reduced MCV levels might serve as independent risk factors for the development of MI. The presence of MI was independent risk factors for DFS and OS. However, no significant prognostic association was observed between the specific origin of invasion (whether MVI or LVI).

Early adolescents are at high risk for non-suicidal self-injurious behavior (NSSI). Based on the Rejection Sensitivity Model, the Experiential Avoidance Model, and the Affect Regulation Model of Self-Injury, this study aimed to explain how rejection sensitivity was related to NSSI among adolescents by unraveling the mediating role of social anxiety and the moderating role of regulatory emotional self-efficacy (RESE) in this relationship. A three-wave longitudinal investigation with a three-month interval was conducted among 726 adolescents (Mage = 13.47, SD = 0.95; 46.0% girls) from a middle school in North China. The Cross-Lagged Panel Models (RI-CLPMs) were utilized to estimate the associations among the study variables. The results indicated that the incidence rates of NSSI in the three measurements among adolescents were 33.3%, 30.3%, and 24.1%, respectively. Adolescents’ rejection sensitivity and NSSI showed a declining trend over time. Furthermore, rejection sensitivity predicted NSSI through the longitudinal mediating effect of social anxiety. RESE played a protective role in adolescents’ NSSI, but its moderating effect was not significant. The findings increase our understanding of the association between rejection sensitivity and NSSI in adolescents, and they benefit educators in conducting targeted interventions through improving adolescents’ rejection sensitivity and social anxiety to reduce the risk of NSSI.