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result(s) for
"Zhou, Ling"
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Gravitational waves from first-order phase transitions in Majoron models of neutrino mass
A
bstract
We show how the generation of right-handed neutrino masses in Majoron models may be associated with a first-order phase transition and accompanied by the production of a stochastic background of gravitational waves (GWs). We explore different energy scales with only renormalizable operators in the effective potential. If the phase transition occurs above the electroweak scale, the signal can be tested by future interferometers. We consider two possible energy scales for phase transitions below the electroweak scale. If the phase transition occurs at a GeV, the signal can be tested at LISA and provide a complementary cosmological probe to right-handed neutrino searches at the FASER detector. If the phase transition occurs below 100 keV, we find that the peak of the GW spectrum is two or more orders of magnitude below the putative NANOGrav GW signal at low frequencies, but well within reach of the SKA and THEIA experiments. We show how searches of very low frequency GWs are motivated by solutions to the Hubble tension in which ordinary neutrinos interact with the dark sector. We also present general calculations of the phase transition temperature and Euclidean action that apply beyond Majoron models.
Journal Article
Prevalence of depression among university students in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Background
Depression among university students in China represents a critical public health challenge, with emerging evidence suggesting exacerbated risks during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite prior regional studies, a comprehensive national analysis comparing pre-pandemic and pandemic-era prevalence, while accounting for profession-specific stressors, remains lacking. This study aims to quantify depression prevalence across Chinese universities, identify high-risk subgroups, and assess the pandemic’s impact.
Methods
A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, CNKI, Wang-fang Database, and Web of Science. The articles were cross-sectional studies focusing on the prevalence of depression among university students in China, with clearly defined criteria for diagnosing depression included. MetaXL 5.3 was used to pool the outcomes and perform a meta-analysis, assessing the prevalence of depression among university students and influential factors such as the impact of COVID-19.
Results
Data from 32 cross-sectional studies (
n
= 93,679) on depression prevalence among students were analyzed. The prevalence estimates ranged from 12.1% to 77.1%, with a summary prevalence of 34.70% after meta-analytic pooling. Subgroup investigations based on major, sample size, geographical region, gender, and the influence of COVID-19 were conducted. Prior to the pandemic, student depression prevalence was 35.0% (95%CI, 26.9%-43.4%), which increased to 38.7% (95%CI, 33.6%-44.0%) during and after the pandemic.
Discussion
This study underscores a substantial mental health burden among Chinese university students, intensified by pandemic-related disruptions. Medical students and those in high-stress regions warrant prioritized interventions. Systemic reforms in healthcare education and regionally tailored mental health policies are urgently needed. Longitudinal studies are critical to track post-pandemic recovery trajectories.
Systematic review registration
CRD42024502949.
Journal Article
روح مطمئنة
بين الضحك، والبكاء، والبكاء الضاحك تدور حياة الإنسان، ومن هنا تبدأ سطور رواية «روح مطمئنة» تنقل لنا هذا المزج الذي يصنع التجربة والحكمة. تصور هذه الرواية مأساة أن يكون لديك قلب يحمل دفء الأسرة والعائلة، ويصاب ذلك القلب بألم الفقد الذي يجعل من التعامل معه وتخطيه أمرا حتميا لكي تستمر الحياة. الرواية للأديب الصيني : تشو دا شين، وترجمتها عن الصينية : د. شيماء كمال ود. رشا كمال.
BOOK
Twin modular S4 with SU(5) GUT
A
bstract
We discuss the SU(5) grand unified extension of flavour models with multiple modular symmetries. The proposed model involves two modular
S
4
groups, one acting in the charged fermion sector, associated with a modulus field value
τ
T
with residual
Z
3
T
symmetry, and one acting in the right-handed neutrino sector, associated with another modulus field value
τ
SU
with residual
Z
2
SU
symmetry. Quark and lepton mass hierarchies are naturally generated with the help of weightons, which are SM singlet fields, where their non-zero modular weights play the role of Froggatt-Nielsen charges. The model predicts TM
1
lepton mixing, and neutrinoless double beta decay at rates close to the sensitivity of current and future experiments, for both normal and inverted orderings, with suppressed corrections from charged lepton mixing due to the triangular form of its Yukawa matrix.
Journal Article
Characterization of PIK3CA and PIK3R1 somatic mutations in Chinese breast cancer patients
Deregulation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway contributes to the development and progression of tumors. Here, we determine that somatic mutations in
PIK3CA
(44%),
PIK3R1
(17%),
AKT3
(15%), and
PTEN
(12%) are prevalent and diverse in Chinese breast cancer patients, with 60 novel mutations identified. A high proportion of tumors harbors multiple mutations, especially
PIK3CA
plus
PIK3R1
mutations (9.0%). Next, we develop a recombination-based mutation barcoding (ReMB) library for impactful mutations conferring clonal advantage in proliferation and drug responses. The highest-ranking
PIK3CA
and
PIK3R1
mutations include previously reported deleterious mutations, as well as mutations with unknown significance. These
PIK3CA
and
PIK3R1
impactful mutations exhibit a mutually exclusive pattern, leading to oncogenesis and hyperactivity of PI3K pathway. The
PIK3CA
impactful mutations are tightly associated with hormone receptor positivity. Collectively, these findings advance our understanding of PI3K impactful mutations in breast cancer and have important implications for PI3K-targeted therapy in precision oncology.
The PI3K pathway is altered across various cancer types. Here the authors use amplicon exon sequencing to analyze the landscape of somatic mutations affecting the PI3K pathway specifically in breast cancer patients in China.
Journal Article
Circ-Foxo3 is positively associated with the Foxo3 gene and leads to better prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia patients
Background
The
Foxo3
gene, belonging to the forkhead family, is one of the classes of transcription factors characterized by a forkhead DNA-binding domain, which usually considered being a cancer suppressor gene.
Circ-Foxo3
is a circular structure which connects the 3’end to the 5’end. Scholars detected that
circ-Foxo3
could compete with
Foxo3
for binding to some miRNAs.
Methods
In this study, we will test the expression of
Foxo3
and
circ-Foxo3
in de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients to explore the relationship between
Foxo3
gene and
circ-Foxo3
. All the de novo AML samples and normal control samples was measured by real-time quantitative PCR. A receiver operating characteristic curve was conducted to differentiate AML patients from control people. Association of
Foxo3
expression and overall survival was conducted by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.
Results
We found that the expression of
Foxo3
gene in de novo patients was significantly lower than control samples (
P
= 0.009). Meanwhile,
circ-Foxo3
also expressed lower in de novo AML patients than in control samples (
P
= 0.040). In different classifications, this trend could be observed more remarkably. In non-M3 patients, the
Foxo3
high patients’ survival time was longer than
Foxo3
low patients (
P
= 0.002). Besides, in non-favorable risk groups, patients with low expression of
Foxo3
had longer survival time than
Foxo3
high patients (
P
= 0.004). Furthermore, in normal Karyotypic patients, the overall survival time of patients with high-expressed
Foxo3
was significantly longer than those with low expression (
P
= 0.034). Besides, Pearson analysis was also conducted between these two genes in AML patients. Results revealed that they were positively correlated (R = 0.63,
P
< 0.001).
Conclusion
In conclusion, we found that low expression of
circ-Foxo3
and
Foxo3
were frequent in AML patients, and patients with high expression of
Foxo3
often had a trend of better prognosis.
Journal Article
CP violation in neutral lepton transition dipole moment
A
bstract
The
CP
violation in the neutrino transition electromagnetic dipole moment is discussed in the context of the Standard Model with an arbitrary number of right-handed singlet neutrinos. A full one-loop calculation of the neutrino electromagnetic form factors is performed in the Feynman gauge. A non-zero
CP
asymmetry is generated by a required threshold condition for the neutrino masses along with non-vanishing
CP
violating phases in the lepton flavour mixing matrix. We follow the paradiagm of
CP
violation in neutrino oscillations to parametrise the flavour mixing contribution into a series of Jarlskog-like parameters. This formalism is then applied to a minimal seesaw model with two heavy right-handed neutrinos denoted
N
1
and
N
2
. We observe that the
CP
asymmetries for decays into light neutrinos
N → νγ
are extremely suppressed, maximally around 10
−
17
. However the
CP
asymmetry for
N
2
→ N
1
γ
can reach of order unity. Even if the Dirac
CP
phase
δ
is the only source of
CP
violation, a large
CP
asymmetry around 10
−
5
–10
−
3
is comfortably achieved.
Journal Article
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α and cancer-related cell signaling pathways: a promising insight into cancer treatment
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is described as a protein that binds to the promoters of specific genes. It controls the expression of functional genes and is also involved in the regulation of numerous cellular processes. A large number of studies have demonstrated that HNF4α is involved in many human malignancies. Abnormal expression of HNF4α is emerging as a critical factor in cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, dedifferentiation, and metastasis. In this review, we present emerging insights into the roles of HNF4α in the occurrence, progression, and treatment of cancer; reveal various mechanisms of HNF4α in cancer (e.g., the Wnt/β-catenin, nuclear factor-κB, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and transforming growth factor β signaling pathways); and highlight potential clinical uses of HNF4α as a biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer.
Cancer diagnosis: Possible protein biomarker
A regulatory protein that plays complex and varied roles in different cancers may provide a diagnostic biomarker and prove useful in future treatments. Hong Tang and co-workers at Sichuan University in Chengdu, China, reviewed current understanding of the functional role of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) protein. Abnormal expression of HNF4α appears to be involved in cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis in some cancers, but may suppress tumor growth in other cancers. HNF4α has been found to influence signaling pathways involved in cancer induction and progression in early-stage liver and colorectal cancers. It may also help build resistance to chemotherapy in gastric cancer. The presence of abnormal HNF4α expression may provide a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for certain cancers. Further investigations are needed, but drugs that target HNF4α could be valuable in combination cancer treatments.
Journal Article