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Coffee contains more than 800 compounds known to have an impact on human health. The purpose of this study is to investigate how ground dark or green coffee or extracted coffee bean affects the serum lipid profile and other related parameters. Sixty eight Sprague Dawely rats were divided into 8 groups (n=8) as follows: Group 1: Negative control group (NC) was fed on basal diet during the experimental period. Group 2: Positive control group (PC), rats were fed on hypercholesterolemic diet solely. Group 3: Rats were fed on hypercholesterolemic diet containing 5% ground dark coffee beans. Group 4: Rats were fed on hypercholesterolemic diet containing 10% ground dark coffee beans. Group 5: Rats were fed on hypercholesterolemic diet with lower oral standard dose of dark coffee extracted beans (50 ml/ kg diet). Group 6: Rats were fed on hypercholesterolemic diet with the higher oral standard dose of dark coffee extracted beans (100 ml/ kg diet). Group 7: Rats were fed on hypercholesterolemic diet containing 5% ground green coffee beans. Group 8: Rats were fed on hypercholesterolemic diet containing 10% ground green coffee beans. It can be noticed that both dark or green ground coffee and extracts improved lipid profile, where decreased the total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL-C and triacylglycerol, however, increased HDL-C when compared to positive control group. Also they lowered the concentration of both uric acid and urea compared to positive control group. These findings indicated to the effect of consumption of coffee to improve lipid profile. To highlight our findings related to other research work we may find that the most research papers reported different doses of dark and green coffee or their extracts, different experimental animals and different sample size. Further studies are needed to include clinical trials.

This study was performed to assess the Protective effect of Echinacea (EP), Rosemary (RP) and Dandelion (DP) powder on body weight, blood glucose (BG), insulin, immune status, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and kidney function parameters as well as on activities of renal tissue antioxidant enzymes in diabetic rats. sixty three mature Sprague Dawley male rats were randomized into 6 main groups (n= 7) they are divided into sub-groups. Group (1) was used as a negative control and fed on basal diet, while the remaining 5 groups were rendered diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (120 mg/kg). After induction of diabetes, group (2) was kept positive control, while groups (3), (4) ,(5) and (6) were divided into group A, B were fed on diet supplemented with 5% , 10% EP; RP; DP and 5% from ( EP+RP+DP) respectively for 10 weeks. Blood samples were collected for estimation of differential leucocytic count and activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) in kidney tissues. Insulin, TC and TG levels, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid and creatinine (Cr) serum levels were also determined. The results showed that diet supplementation with EP, RP and DP significantly increased body weight and improved feed efficiency ratio of diabetic rats. Diet supplementation with EP, RP and DP decreased the number of lymphocytes, production of TNF-α and cytokines IL4 and IL8; normalized BG, insulin, TC and TG and BUN and Cr levels. There were enhanced the activity of SOD, GPx and CAT enzymes in renal tissues of diabetic rats. In conclusion, diet supplementation with EP, RP and DP has immunostimulant, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, nephroprotective andantioxidant activities in diabetic rats. Therefore, intake of extract of EP, RP and DP may be beneficial for patients who suffer from diabetes mellitus.