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Q958.1; 黄山—怀玉山是我国生物多样性保护优先区域,在季风气候和人类土地开发的共同影响下,其鸟类多样性受不同生境和季节变化的影响可能呈现特有的格局.为了探明这个问题,于2023年3月—2024年2月,按4个季节采用样线法对安徽省黄山市黄山区乡镇、山地和湿地3种不同生境进行鸟类调查研究.结果表明:(1)本次调查共记录到鸟类18目55科194种5 524只,其中国家一级重点保护鸟类5种,国家二级重点保护鸟类33种,表明该区鸟类物种资源丰富;从鸟类区系来看,东洋型95种,古北型76种,广布型23种,东洋型种占据优势,鸟类区系具有南北渗透的特征;从鸟类居留型来看,留鸟95种,占鸟类总数48.97%,夏候鸟34种,占17.53%,冬候鸟49种,占25.26%,旅鸟16种,占8.25%.(2)鸟类群落组成具有季节性差异,春季鸟类种类和数量最高,冬季鸟类的种类和数量最低;春季鸟类Shannon-Wiener多样性指数最高,冬季最低;夏季Simpson多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数均最高.(3)不同生境下,山地(M)生境鸟类种类最多,湿地(W)最少;而湿地生境发现鸟类数量最多,乡镇(T)最少;山地生境鸟类Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数及Pielou指数均最高,湿地生境均最低,山地生境中鸟类多样性高,群落结构更为稳定,特有种最多;通过Bray-Curtis相异度衡量3种生境之间鸟类群落的相异性,乡镇与山地的相异度最低,与湿地相异度较高,而山地与湿地相异度最高.本研究为精准制定黄山区鸟类多样性保护策略提供了科学依据.

黄山—怀玉山是我国生物多样性保护优先区域，在季风气候和人类土地开发的共同影响下，其鸟类多样性受不同生境和季节变化的影响可能呈现特有的格局。为了探明这个问题，于2023年3月—2024年2月，按4个季节采用样线法对安徽省黄山市黄山区乡镇、山地和湿地3种不同生境进行鸟类调查研究。结果表明：（1）本次调查共记录到鸟类18目55科194种5524只，其中属国家一级重点保护的鸟类有5种，国家二级重点保护的鸟类有33种，表明该区鸟类物种资源丰富；从鸟类区系来看，东洋型95种，古北型76种，广布型23种，东洋型种占据优势，鸟类区系具有南北渗透的特征；从鸟类季节型来看，留鸟95种，占鸟类总数48.97%，夏候鸟34种，占17.53%，冬候鸟49种，占25.26%，旅鸟16种，占8.25%。（2）鸟类群落组成具有季节性差异，春季鸟类种类和数量最高，冬季鸟类的种类和数量最低；春季鸟类Shannon-Wiener多样性指数最高，冬季最低；夏季Simpson多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数均最高。（3）不同生境下，山地（M）生境鸟类种类最多，湿地（W）最少；而湿地生境发现鸟类数量最多，乡镇（T）最少；山地生境鸟类Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数及Pielou指数均最高，湿地生境均最低，山地生境中鸟类多样性高，群落结构更为稳定，特有种最多；通过Bray-Curtis相异度衡量3种生境之间鸟类群落的相异性，乡镇与山地的相异性最低，与湿地相异性较高，而山地与湿地相异性最高。本研究为精准地制定黄山区鸟类多样性保护策略提供了科学依据。

Deformation and failure of high slope impact the construction and operation safety of highway in the mountainous areas. The deformation and failure are mainly caused by poor design which normally has not well combined with the geological conditions and unplanned construction. Therefore, effective design and construction management should be conducted for ensuring a successful construction without damage and risk. In light of the reality of high slope construction along highway in the Huangshan area, this paper proposes a technical procedure for dynamic design and construction management of high slopes along highway in the mountainous area. The proposed construction management scheme is divided into three phases, i.e., 1） design phase, 2） preparation phase of excavation, and 3） construction phase. During the design phase, experiences and lessons learnt from the design and construction of other high slopes along highway in the same region are summarized. The number of slopes and slope height should be optimized from the aspects of route selection and route form. During the preparation phase of excavation, ＂Excavation Permit Management System＂ should be adopted, and construction scheme should be made by the construction unit, then the scientific research and design unit determine whether it guarantees slope stability and makes optimization measures. During the construction phase, the scientific research unit would make proposal of optimization design, and apply the achievements of scientific research into practice through common efforts of various units based on the understanding of excavation and investigation. The management system mentioned above is adopted to conduct dynamic design and construction management for more than 90 slopes along the Huangshan - Taling - Taolin Expressway, and successful results of application have been achieved.