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The study is aimed at designing a system which ensures dock mobility (moving from the quay to the dock trench) and stabilises the dock in position during docking operations. A number of requirements and design criteria have been defined for the dock moving system, the most important of them being its capability to support docking operations at a maximum wind force of 5 °B, and environmental friendliness (zero exhaust fumes or other pollutants). As part of the research, concepts for various dock moving systems have been developed, including calculations of technical and operational parameters. Each concept has been analysed for meeting the defined requirements and design criteria. Ultimately, a system which meets all of the requirements and criteria and is completely environmentally friendly has been selected for construction. The authors discuss the entire process of creating system concepts, parameter calculations, and assessment of fulfilment of the requirements and design criteria. The principle of operation and the design of the system have been explained. The dock is powered by electricity stored in batteries and generated from renewable energy sources.

Modernizing floating structures and facilities is carried out to improve certain characteristics or qualities. In the context of the maritime industry, this activity is often undertaken to increase load capacity or change the vessel’s purpose. This article examines the possibility of increasing the load capacity of a floating dock by varying its length. The key aspect here is that the modernization is performed within the conditions of a small or medium-sized ship repair enterprise (SME). The analysed floating dock is designed considering the production constraints of an SME. The modernization mustn’t alter the hull structure; instead, the study examines to what extent the existing design can withstand the loads and how much the load capacity can be increased. It has been established that the extension can be made by approximately 10.0 meters, improving the dock’s operational qualities. As a result of the extension, the lifting capacity is increased by about 12.5%, or approximately 225 tons.

Boombaru Port which is managed by PT Pelindo II Palembang Branch is a marine transportation infrastructure that plays an important role and function in the transportation wheel in the South Sumatra area. This is because this port is located in the city of Palembang as a center of government, trade and activitiestourism in South Sumatra. Based on data in 2017, the problem at this port is the high berthing time of ships at conventional docks, the realization of berth output is lower than the potential amount of cargo unloaded and loaded at conventional docks, and not achieving the target of conventional dock utilization. The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze how much influence berthing time, berth output together on the utilization of conventional docks. This research was conducted by collecting and processing data on ship and goods service performance and facilities and equipment utilization format reports in 2017. In this study it was found the average loading and unloading speed based on berthing time at conventional docks does not meet the loading discharge rate that has been determined based on the service level agreement. There is a difference in value between loading discharging rate with time and the loading discharging rate with working time . To optimize the utilization of conventional docks to match the predetermined RKA, streamlining the berthing time faster so that the output berth will also be optimized properly. To streamline berthing time and optimize berth output by accelerating loading and unloading activities at conventional docks by increasing the number of loading and unloading equipment at conventional docks such as jib cranes and head trucks. For the use of one jib crane / hour unit requires three head truck units. So for the addition of one jib crane unit also requires three head truck units. In order to support the loading and unloading activities at conventional docks and to avoid the high idle time at berthing time of the ship, care and maintenance of the loading and unloading equipment is needed so that the loading and unloading equipment can always be used.

This research study aims to develop a system which ensures the mobility of a floating dock and its stability in position during docking operations. The dock is designed for operation in a river canal. In order to dock a ship, it is moved away from the quay over a dock trench. Initial requirements and design criteria for the system were determined. The most important of them include docking in the maximum weather conditions, corresponding to a wind speed of 5° Beaufort (5°B), and a zero-emission target for the power supply system (use of a renewable energy source). A wire and winch system was designed to move the dock and stabilise it in position during docking operations. The system comprises mooring wires which are tied to bollards on both quays, and wire winches mounted on both sides of the dock. The wire winches are hydraulically driven, and the hydraulic pumps, run by electric motors, are powered with batteries charged using photovoltaic panels. Statistical environmental parameters (wind, river current) were analysed and the probability of certain mooring wire loads and the corresponding wire winch power output were quantified. Based on these calculations, the power of photovoltaic panels and capacity of the batteries required to power the dock moving system were determined. This paper discusses the system design as well as the results of trials.

As an important energy in modern society, the stable operation of electricity is the guarantee of social and economic operation, and the loss caused by the damage of power facilities is immeasurable, so the regular monitoring of power facilities is indispensable. UAVs, with flexible flight mode, have played an important role in power inspection. With the development of UAV docks, UAV inspection has entered a new stage. However, due to the fixed location of the docks and limited coverage, how to achieve the optimal deployment of the docks with the lowest cost and full coverage of power facilities through reasonable deployment is one of the important issues that need to be solved at this stage of dock construction. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an energy-driven adaptive optimization method for dock location by combining geospatial analysis with UAV performance index. The experiment results show that our method can achieve an efficient, reasonable and feasible optimal location for UAV dock deployment.

Rumex alpinus L. (R. alpinus) is a non‐native invasive plant in Czech mountain regions, altering ecosystem structure and function in protected areas. Rumex obtusifolius L. (R. obtusifolius) is a native species and a problematic weed in Czech meadows, while Rumex longifolius DC. (R. longifolius) is characteristic of Fennoscandia and widespread in northern and central Europe. This study explores temperature‐driven germination patterns in R. alpinus, R. obtusifolius, and R. longifolius and also focuses on potential differences across populations of R. alpinus. The hypothesis suggests that R. alpinus is not established in lowland areas due to temperature limitations during germination. A second experiment evaluates the influence of native and non‐native localities on R. alpinus seed germination. The primary experiment was conducted at 6°C, 12°C, 18°C, 24°C, 29°C, and 35°C in a climate chamber, while the second experiment was performed at 24°C for 14 days. Contrary to expectations, R. alpinus exhibited the highest germination rate across all temperatures. In the second experiment, germination rates varied significantly, with a positive correlation between germination success and transition from Alpine to Czech localities. The highest and fastest germination was observed in seeds from the Krkonoše Mountains, where R. alpinus is an invasive plant species.

On the evening of 15 January 2022, the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano 1 unleashed a violent underwater eruption, blanketing the surrounding land masses in ash and debris 2 , 3 . The eruption generated tsunamis observed around the world. An event of this type last occurred in 1883 during the eruption of Krakatau 4 , and thus we have the first observations of a tsunami from a large emergent volcanic eruption captured with modern instrumentation. Here we show that the explosive eruption generated waves through multiple mechanisms, including: (1) air–sea coupling with the initial and powerful shock wave radiating out from the explosion in the immediate vicinity of the eruption; (2) collapse of the water cavity created by the underwater explosion; and (3) air–sea coupling with the air-pressure pulse that circled the Earth several times, leading to a global tsunami. In the near field, tsunami impacts are strongly controlled by the water-cavity source whereas the far-field tsunami, which was unusually persistent, can be largely described by the air-pressure pulse mechanism. Catastrophic damage in some harbours in the far field was averted by just tens of centimetres, implying that a modest sea level rise combined with a future, similar event would lead to a step-function increase in impacts on infrastructure. Piecing together the complexity of this event has broad implications for coastal hazards in similar geophysical settings, suggesting a currently neglected source of global tsunamis. January 2022 saw the first observations of a tsunami resulting from a large emergent volcanic eruption (Hunga Tonga) captured using modern instrumentation, with broad implications for hazard management in similar geophysical settings.

Regulators, environmental advocates, and community groups in the United States (U.S.) are concerned about air pollution associated with the proliferating e-commerce and warehousing industries. Nationwide datasets of warehouse locations, traffic, and satellite observations of the traffic-related pollutant nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) provide a unique capability to evaluate the air quality and environmental equity impacts of these geographically-dispersed emission sources. Here, we show that the nearly 150,000 warehouses in the U.S. worsen local traffic-related air pollution with an average near-warehouse NO 2 enhancement of nearly 20% and are disproportionately located in marginalized and minoritized communities. Near-warehouse truck traffic and NO 2 significantly increase as warehouse density and the number of warehouse loading docks and parking spaces increase. Increased satellite-observed NO 2 near warehouses underscores the need for indirect source rules, incentives for replacing old trucks, and corporate commitments towards electrification. Future ground-based monitoring campaigns may help track impacts of individual or small clusters of facilities. Using satellite observations, communities in the U.S. containing warehouses experience more truck traffic and increased health-harming pollution with a disproportionate number of racial and ethnic minorities living in these communities.