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"Education, Urban United States Sociological aspects."
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Rethinking the Nature of Disaster: From Failed Instruments of Learning to a Post-Social Understanding
Recent disasters have been of such scale and complexity that both the common assumptions made about learning from them, and the traditional approaches distinguishing natural from technological disasters (and now terrorism) are thus challenged. Beck's risk thesis likewise signals the need for a paradigmatic change. Despite sociological inflections in disaster research and management, however, an examination of the risk management practices deployed during Hurricane Katrina and the Indian Ocean tsunami reveals attendant problems with a persistent instrumental rationality and disjuncture between society and environment. Therefore, an alternative, post-social understanding is proposed. It includes relational (rather than instrumental) approaches which reinstate the importance of nonhuman nature, but it also recognizes that disasters are postnormal problems, and that disaster research and management increasingly deal with phenomena beyond the limits of current know-how.
Journal Article
Awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among adult population in a rural community of Singur block, Hooghly District, West Bengal
BACKGROUND: Hypertension is an important treatable public health problem both globally and in India with an increasing prevalence significantly in both urban and rural population. It is one of the leading causes of adult mortality and morbidity, but poorly controlled hypertension remains a major health problem. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to find out awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among study population and association of hypertension awareness with sociodemographic factors, if any. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted from May 2013 to April 2014 in the rural community of Singur block, West Bengal. Data were collected with respect to sociodemographic characteristics as well as records related to hypertension such as awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension. Blood pressure (BP) measurement of individuals aged 20 years and above of both sexes was done. Pearson's Chi-square test was performed to find out the association between the categorical variables. SPSS 19.00 software was used for analysis. RESULTS: Nearly 48.2% of the participants were aware of their elevated BP; 47.1% of the participants were taking pharmacological treatment, mostly allopathic and only 8.8% had their BP under control. A statistically significant association was found between age, education, and socioeconomic status (per capita income) with awareness of hypertension. CONCLUSION: Lack of awareness of the disease and very low rate of control of hypertension among those who were treated became the major issues. These findings emphasize the need for dissemination of knowledge about the disease and counseling of the patients during treatment continuation.
Journal Article
Parenting Across Racial and Class Lines: Assortative Mating Patterns of New Parents Who Are Married, Cohabiting, Dating or No Longer Romantically Involved
We examine the assortative mating patterns of new parents who are married, cohabiting, romantically involved and no longer romantically involved. Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study, we find that relationship status at the time of a birth depends mainly on father's race rather than on whether mother and father's race/ethnicity differ. Crossing race/ethnic lines does not appear to have much effect on relationship transitions following a birth. Rather, parents are less likely to marry after a birth if one parent is black, and the relationships of Hispanic couples are particularly stable. Crossing educational lines has little effect on relationship status at birth, but same-education couples had a slightly lower risk of divorce following the birth.
Journal Article
A journey in comparative historical sociology
This article tracks my own biography as a way of showing how my sociological studies have developed over the 40 years I have been a professional sociologist. Working in the UK for 8 years and then in New Zealand has reinforced for me the importance of a comparative and historical Perspective. The value of this is explored though my work on: suburban and community research; the sociology of housing and residential mobility; social inequality and class formation; comparative urban research; restructuring and change within advanced capitalist societies; urban sustainability; comparative welfare state policy analysis and globalisation and urban change.
Journal Article
Cultural Awareness through Medical Student and Refugee Patient Encounters
This paper presents findings from a qualitative investigation of cultural awareness that medical students developed in the context of providing medical care to refugees. Our evaluation question was: What kinds of cultural awareness and communication lessons do medical students derive from clinical encounters with refugee patients?
Thirty-eight semi-structured interviews were conducted to debrief a sample of 27 medical students. A multidisciplinary research team analyzed the debriefing texts following an interpretive \"immersion-crystallization\" approach.
Three domains in cultural awareness training encompassed 13 key lessons or themes. Students reported enhanced awareness about the use of interpretation services and cross-cultural communication. A second set of lessons reflected awareness of the refugees' cultural background, and a third learning component involved experiences of cultural humility. The refugee plight prompted reflection on the students' own culture, and validated the rationale for empathetic care and patient empowerment.
As medical school curricula incorporate more cultural diversity training, a patient-based learning approach with selected 'hands-on' experiences will create opportunities for students to increase their cultural sensitivity and competency. This program's experiential model indicates that after refugee medical encounters, these beginning medical students reported greater awareness of communication issues, and sensitivity toward religious values, family patterns, gender roles and ethnomedical treatments. It will be important to test these kinds of preceptor/apprenticeship models of cultural sensitivity training at later stages of medical training; in order to assess long-term effects.
Journal Article
\Halal-ing\ the child: Reframing identities of resistance in an urban Muslim school
In this article, [the author] expands the literature on resistance theory by exploring the institutional response to classic \"resistant\" or \"oppositional\" student behavior. Using the case of one boy in an urban Muslim school who displays these resistant behaviors, she shows how the ideational artifacts of family and spirituality are enacted within the school context to support his growth. [The author] draws on data from extensive interviews and observations at the school site to paint a rich and complex picture of the dynamics at play when students appear to resist school. Rather than framing resistance as the property of the child, [the author] looks at how resistance can be cocreated in cultural settings and offers a potentially helpful perspective on how to construct schools in which resistant behavior does not become the norm. (DIPF/Orig.).
Journal Article
Crossing borders without leaving town: the impact of cultural immersion on the perceptions of teacher education candidates
Often, White teachers will interpret differences in life experiences, cultural frames of reference, race, class, and gender as a deficit on the part of students, which leads to inequitable educational opportunities for our nation's children. Like many urban areas across the country, the Midwestern city in which the university is located has failing school systems, racially segregated communities, and socioeconomic divides between the inner city and outlying communities (Missouri Department of Elementary & Secondary Education, 2011).
Journal Article
Letter from the Editorial Board
According to the 2010 U.S. Census over 46.2 million or 15.1% of the population lived in poverty-marking the highest level since 1993 (DeNavas-Walt, Proctor, & Smith, 2011). [...]in light of the upcoming presidential election of 2012, candidates and their constituents need to be informed about the extent of poverty and its detrimental effects on the achievement of children in school.
Journal Article
Pilot study of low-income parents' perspectives of managing asthma in high-risk infants and toddlers
This pilot study describes the challenges low-income parents face in managing asthma in their infants and toddlers who are at high risk of morbidity due to asthma. Five families of children younger than 3 years and recently hospitalized for asthma were interviewed from 1 to 5 times and asked to give narratives about the everyday management of asthma in their high risk infants and toddlers. Interpretive phenomenology was used as the method to describe parents' perspectives on managing the illness. The parents, all single mothers, struggled to manage asthma in crowded conditions, with limited transportation for frequently needed emergency care, and in face of the complicating needs of other children and family members. Not knowing then knowing the diagnosis, and provider availability and lack of availability were two dichotomous challenges mothers faced when managing asthma in their very young children.
Journal Article