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"French language Translating Social aspects."
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Intimate Enemies
The concept of translation has become central to postcolonial theory in recent decades, offering as it does a useful metaphor or metonym for many of the processes explored within the framework of postcolonial studies. Translation proper, however, remains relatively underexplored and, in many postcolonial multilingual contexts, underexploited. Texts are often read in translation without much attention being paid to the inevitable differences that open up between an original and its translation(s), the figure of the translator remains shadowy, if not invisible, and the particular languages involved in translation in postcolonial societies often still reflect colonial power dynamics. This volume draws together reflections by translators, authors and academics working across three broad geographical areas where the linguistic legacies of French colonial operations are long-lasting and complex, namely Africa, the Caribbean and the Indian Ocean. The perspectives that emerge move beyond traditional views of translation as loss or betrayal and towards a more positive outlook, highlighting the potential for translation to enrich the lives of readers, translators and authors alike, to counter some of the destructive effects of globalisation, and to promote linguistic diversity. In addition, translation is shown to be a most valuable tool in revealing the dynamics and pressures that are relevant to the political and economic contexts in which books are written, read and sold.
eBook
Intimate Enemies
The concept of translation has become central to postcolonial theory in recent decades, offering as it does a useful metaphor or metonym for many of the processes explored within the framework of postcolonial studies. Translation proper, however, remains relatively underexplored and, in many postcolonial multilingual contexts, underexploited. Texts are often read in translation without much attention being paid to the inevitable differences that open up between an original and its translation(s), the figure of the translator remains shadowy, if not invisible, and the particular languages involved in translation in postcolonial societies often still reflect colonial power dynamics.
This volume draws together reflections by translators, authors and academics working across three broad geographical areas where the linguistic legacies of French colonial operations are long-lasting and complex, namely Africa, the Caribbean and the Indian Ocean. The perspectives that emerge move beyond traditional views of translation as loss or betrayal and towards a more positive outlook, highlighting the potential for translation to enrich the lives of readers, translators and authors alike, to counter some of the destructive effects of globalisation, and to promote linguistic diversity. In addition, translation is shown to be a most valuable tool in revealing the dynamics and pressures that are relevant to the political and economic contexts in which books are written, read and sold.
The concept of translation has become central to postcolonial theory in recent decades. This volume draws together reflections by translators, authors and academics working across Africa, the Caribbean and the Indian Ocean - areas where the linguistic legacies of French colonial operations are long-lasting and complex.
eBook
Being a Saudi Before Becoming One: Al Biqa'i's Capitalisation of Paratexts in His Translations of French Books About Arabia
This paper examines the paratexts of Muhammad Khair Al Biqa'i's translations of French books about Saudi Arabia into Arabic as a socially-situated activity. Drawing on Bourdieu's theory of practice, it analyses Al Biqa'i's paratextual zone, with particular focus given to prefaces as a site of self-promotion in terms of capital. The Syrian-born translator has recently acquired Saudi citizenship and national prizes of high symbolic capital due to his individual efforts in the field of translation. Al Biqa'i stands out as one of the few eminent specialists from different fields who have been naturalised as a Saudi citizen by a royal decree in the first wave of such naturalisations in 2021, which offers a unique case for the study of the capitalisation of translation. It is argued here that Al Biqa'i successfully capitalised the paratexts of his translation products, namely French books about Saudi Arabia, to show how Saudi he is even before acquiring Saudi citizenship. Through an analysis of Al Biqa'i's paratextual elements (from 2001 to 2020), this study identifies and critically examines the mechanisms of capital through which the translator, then a Syrian national, attempted to promote and distinguish himself and his works. The findings illuminate how paratexts are used as a tool by translators to draw a certain image of themselves. Index Terms--Muhammad Khair Al Biqa'i, social capital, symbolic capital, paratexts, sociology of translation
Journal Article
Examining the College of Interpreters and translation issues in colonial Vietnam, 1862–90
When the French occupied Cochinchina in 1862 they encountered many issues related to language and communication that hindered their ability to effectively govern the local population. This article will discuss how the French attempted to establish a College of Interpreters to institutionalise interpreters and to enforce a translation regime where quốc ngữ served as the intermediary script between Chinese and French to overcome translation challenges. Their translation surveillance system, via legal protocols, ultimately failed to discipline local interpreters and regulate translation, nor did it protect French colonial interests and agenda in Vietnam, due to pedagogical, financial and administrative constraints.
Journal Article
A rise in social media use in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: the French validation of the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale in a Canadian cohort
Introduction
Social media use has grown dramatically since its inception in the early 2000s and has further increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Problematic use of social media (PUSM) is a type of behavioural addiction which has generated increasing interest among mental health clinicians and scholars in the last decade. PUSM is associated with multiple psychiatric conditions and is known to interfere with patients’ daily functioning. There is no single accepted definition of PUSM, nor means of measuring it, in the literature. The Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) is a helpful tool for identifying PUSM. This paper aims to validate BSMAS and to translate it from English into French, with the goal of making this clinical screening tool for PUSM available in French-language contexts.
Method
This study explored the psychometric validity of the French version of the BSMAS in a sample of 247 adolescents, who were either psychiatric inpatients (the hospitalized group, n = 123) or recruited in local high schools (the community group, n = 124).
Results
The adolescents in the sample reported an increase in their social media use during the COVID-19 pandemic. This increase was more pronounced in the hospitalized group. Confirmatory factorial analysis showed an excellent fit, very good internal consistency and established convergent validity for the French version of the BSMAS. A total of 15.4% of the hospitalization group and 6.5% of the community group met the recommended clinical cutoff of 24 on the BSMAS, suggesting problematic use of social media.
Conclusions
The French version of BSMAS is a psychometrically validated and clinically useful tool to screen for PUSM in adolescents.
Highlights
The Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale is valid for use in a French-speaking population.
Social media use increased more in adolescent inpatients than in community during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Adolescent inpatients should be screened for problematic use of social media.
Journal Article
How Worlds are Made: Literatures, Translation, and the Question of the Universal
Weaving the work of Eileen Julien on the “extroverted” African novel throughout, this article considers arguments around the relationship of African literature to the notion of literary universality, with special attention to the position of African languages within these arguments. Novels by Kenyan writers Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o and Yvonne Adhiambo Owuor and theoretical interventions by Walter Benjamin, Edouard Glissant, and Souleymane Bachir Diagne in particular are used to develop strategies for reading moments of contact between English and African languages in Anglophone African novels as central to the pursuit of a universality that is neither totalizing nor Eurocentric.
Journal Article
Tense and Aspect in a Spanish Literary Work and Its Translations
This paper reports on a literary corpus study of four grammatical tenses across four European languages. The corpus consists of a selection of eight chapters from Javier Marías’s Spanish novel Así empieza lo malo ‘Thus bad begins’, and its translations to English, Dutch, and French. We annotated 1579 verb forms in the Spanish source text for tense, and, subsequently, their translations in the other languages, distinguishing between two registers within the novel, i.e., dialogue and narration. We found that the vast majority of the Spanish tenses are translated one-to-one to their counterparts in the three languages, especially in narration. In dialogue, we found several deviations, which we could partially account for within an Optimality Theoretic approach by appealing to the notion of markedness along two different typological dimensions, namely, tense (present versus past) and aspect (imperfective versus perfective).
Journal Article
A Comparative Study of Images in Chinese-English Translation of Red Classics: A Manipulation Theory Perspective
China initiated large-scale translation of domestic literature into foreign languages after its founding, indicating another significant translation wave in its history. Under the combined influence of domestic and international environments, literary translation activities during that special period were subject prominently to external factors such as ideology and patrons. The manipulation theory, focusing on the influence of ideology, poetics and patronage on translation, provides a new perspective for the studies in this field. In view of this, the paper focuses on the shaping of images in C-E translation of Chinese red classic novels published by Foreign Languages Press for a comparative analysis. It discovers that translators, compelled by ideological factors, would resort to various skills including amplification, shift, and rewriting to achieve the intended publicity purposes, and suggests that external factors such as ideology and patronage should be taken into account in literary translation studies.
Journal Article
An Ethical Suspension of the Political: Untranslatability with Beauvoir and Cassin
In this paper I argue that the untranslatable allows us a way of countering this dangerously simplified approach to political organisation by giving us the means to think that complex nexus of multifaceted identity which each of us is. This universal structure – the untranslatable – manifests in the unique and particular existence of each of us. Against a discourse that reduces the other to nothing but their membership of one group, I argue that it is only through engaging with the ambiguity of the human condition that we can introduce an ethical counter to the most extreme expression of the political. I firstly outline the manner in which Simone de Beauvoir navigates that ever difficult relation between the particular and the universal. I then go on to describe Barbara Cassin’s account of languages as energies that manifest the world through rays of difference. In this vein, the untranslatable is not that which we can never understand but rather that which provokes a better and ever-changing understanding. Finally, I bring these strands together, to claim that the untranslatable offers us a way to think what I would like to call an ethical suspension of the political, that nonetheless can make a new understanding of the political possible.
Journal Article