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The main aim of automobile engineers is to increase the performance and reduce emission of the SI engine and one of the methods of doing it is by turbocharging. In this study, a 150 cc single cylinder two stroke SI engine is used to conduct performance and emission analysis with and without turbocharger. The turbocharger used was a TEL make used in Tata Indica. The brake horse power and brake thermal efficiency are increased by 12% and 21.83% whereas specific fuel consumption is reduced by 22% for turbocharged engine compared to the standard engine. CO emission is reduced by 34.31% and 39.17%, HC emission is reduced by 10.46% and 64.22% at idling and at high engine speed respectively for turbocharged engine when compared to the standard engine.

This study evaluates the performance and emissions characteristics of a compression ignition engine fueled with biodiesel blends derived from used cooking oil (UO) and sunflower oil (SF) at concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, and 50%. Tests were conducted under different load conditions (20%, 50%, and 100%) across engine speeds ranging from 1500 to 3600 rpm, focusing on effective power, torque, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and emissions of NOx, CO, HC, particulate matter (PM), smoke, and CO2. Consistent engine operating conditions were maintained for all fuel blends. The results indicated that increasing the biodiesel concentration led to a decrease in brake power and torque—up to 3.18% reduction for SF50 compared to diesel—due to the lower calorific value of biodiesel. For SF biodiesel, the BSFC increased with higher biodiesel content, while for UO biodiesel the results varied across concentrations. Emissions analysis revealed lower CO and HC at 2500 rpm for all biodiesel blends relative to diesel, while NOx emissions varied depending on fuel type and concentration. In terms of particles, both PM and smoke were measured, and while PM showed different results across blends, smoke was lower for all blends compared to diesel. Our overall analysis shows that biodiesel blends up to 20% can be effectively used in diesel engines without substantial modifications, offering a balance between performance and reduced emissions.

This paper presents the results of naturally aspirated compression ignition (CI) internal combustion engine (ICE) bench tests of fuels in the form of a blend of diesel oil with recycled oil (RF) in the form of tire pyrolysis oil (TPO) as an admixture with the content of pyrolytic oil with the blend being 10% m/m (D90+RF10). The results relate to reference conditions in which the engine is fed with pure diesel oil (D100). The experiment included the evaluation of engine performance and the determination of the content of selected substances in the exhaust gas for brake-set engine loads equal to 5 Nm, 10 Nm, 15 Nm, and 20 Nm. For each load, engine operating parameters and emissions of selected exhaust components were recorded at preset speeds in the range of 1400–2400 rpm for each engine load. The hourly fuel consumption and exhaust gas temperature were determined. The contents of CO2, CO, and HC in the exhaust gas were measured. The consumption of D90+RF10 increased by 56%, and CO2 emissions were 21.7% higher at low loads. The addition of sulfur-containing pyrolytic oil as an admixture to diesel oil resulted in SOx emissions. The results show the suitability of pyrolytic oil and the possibility of using it as an admixture to fossil fuels. In order to meet SOx emission levels in land-based installations and for vehicle propulsion, it is necessary to desulfurize fuel or desulfurize deSOx exhaust gas systems. The CO and HC emission levels in the exhaust gases from the engine powered by the D90+RF10 fuel meet current requirements for motor vehicle exhaust composition.

The present study describes the experimental and numerical analysis of the combustion and emission characteristics of CI engine operated with diesel-butanol blends. Experiments were carried with neat diesel fuel (i.e., Bu00) and its blends of n-butanol, 10%, 20% and 30% by volume (Bu10, Bu20 and Bu30) at a constant speed and rated load. From the experimental results, it is observed that CO, NO x and smoke emissions decreased, whereas the unburned hydrocarbon (UBHC) emission increased with increasing butanol content, as compared to Bu00. From the experimental analysis, it is also observed that Bu20 blend gives higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and lower brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) as compared to Bu00, Bu10 and Bu30, but produces higher UBHC. In order to decrease the UBHC emission, different piston bowl geometries were analysed using simulation studies. The combustion and emission characteristics of the CI engine operating with Bu20 blend for three different piston bowl geometries viz., hemispherical combustion chamber (HCC), shallow combustion chamber (SCC) and toroidal combustion chamber (TCC), were studied using CONVERGE CFD code. The simulation model was validated with experimental results of the baseline engine configuration (HCC) for diesel fuel as well as Bu20 blend. The results showed that there is a significant reduction in UBHC and improvement of performance for SCC and TCC piston geometry compared to HCC piston geometry. However, a slight increment of NO x emissions was observed.

In this investigation, the influence of using the EFWP filter on the tractor exhaust emissions was determined. A Water and paper filter is a filter designed to operate as a filter for the exhaust for the reduction of the harmful gas (CO, CO 2 , NO x , and HC) emission from the engine of the tractor. Emissions experiments were carried out on CASE JX75T tractor at different engine speeds are 750, 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, 2000, and 2250 rpm. All engine speed of the tractor underwent experimentation before the installation of the EFWP filter and after installation it. The noises and Bsfec also were measured when the two cases. Each engine speed was tested for approximately 20 minutes in two cases. The results showed a significant (P≤0.05) decreasing in carbon monoxide CO (51.40%), carbon dioxide CO 2 (25%), nitrogen oxides NO x (43.43%) and hydrocarbons HC (60.98%) emissions and also, the noises reduced by 25.38% and there was no significant increase in the BSFC (5.34% only) after the EFWP filter was put in the tractor exhaust. The results also showed that increasing the engine speed from 750 to 2250 rpm led to significant increases in CO 2 , NO x , and HC emissions, while decreased the CO emission. Also, the increased by a percentage of 155.88 and 159.38 % in the case using the EFWP filter and without using it (the ordinary case) respectively. Using the EFWP filter reduced the noises not overridden internationally permitted standards (65 dB).

This paper presents the effect of inlet port diameter–bore ratios (IPD/B) on the effective release energy and internal exhaust residual gas of a spark-ignition engine. To investigate the exhaust residual gas in the combustion chamber, a simulation model is setup based on AVL-boost software, and to validate the simulation model an experimental model is also setup. The results of the research show that: the IPD/B ratios have a large effect on the residual gas and effective release energy. When the IPD/B ratio increases from 0.3–0.5, the residual gas increases from 0.11% to 0.14%, and the effective release energy increases from 0.33 KJ to a maximum value of 0.45 KJ, and after that decreases. The engine shows the maximum effective release energy at IPD/B ratio is 0.4. The emission of HC and CO is decreased, but the NOx is increased until a maximum value after that decreased.

Biodiesel is an alternative, eco-friendly and renewable source of energy. It can be produced from a wide range of feedstocks which can be grown in marginal land use. It has drawn more attention to the researchers. In this study, the oil extraction, biodiesel conversion, and physiochemical properties of Macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) and Grapeseed (Vitis vinifera) biodiesels are presented. The experimental investigation of diesel engine performance, emissions and combustion characteristics were conducted using B5 (5% biodiesel and 95% diesel by volume) and B10 (10% biodiesel and 90% diesel by volume) blends. The engine performance parameters, such as brake power (BP), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) have been investigated in this experiment. The emission parameters, for example, carbon monoxide (CO), the ratio of CO2/CO, nitrogen oxide (NOx), hydrocarbon (HC), particulate matter (PM) have been measured during the experiment. Finally, the combustion parameters such as cylinder pressure (CP) were recorded, and heat release rate (HRR) was analysed and compared with that of diesel fuel. The study revealed that the Macadamia biodiesel performed better than Grapeseed biodiesel and behaved closely to that of diesel fuel. A significant reduction of engine emissions was found in the case of Macadamia biodiesel with a minimal reduction of engine performance. Further analysis of energy, exergy and tribological characteristics of the Macadamia biodiesel is recommended for assessing its feasibility for commercial application.

The monitoring of environmental contamination is an important issue to protect human health and the atmospheric environment. In this study, the optical imaging of mesh structures not coated and coated with platinum was performed to analyze the optical characteristics of the lattices. A nickel monolith catalyst was manufactured via additive manufacturing and coated with platinum, and it was presented to characterize the catalyst properties. The analysis focused on the process of coating using hydrazine bath as a reducing agent. The results showed an increase in the thickness of the coating with baths with durations of 1.5 h, 2.0 h and 2.5 h. The coating thickness was strongly dependent on time duration. The SEM images and EDX were used to confirm the process of coating and analyze the presence of platinum on the catalyst. Coating layers were very thin, and others were not homogeneous over the surface. When the catalyst was exposed to platinum for 2.5 h, the catalyst showed an efficiency of 0.06% for NOx, 0.10%, for CO and 0.09% for HC reduction.

Energy, a basic need of human life, has been playing significant role behind many technological developments. Most of the world’s commercial energy requirements are fulfilled by using fossil fuels. Combustion of fossil fuels releases toxic gases which in further turns as a source of pollution for the environment, globally. The present research work focused on minimizing the emissions that emerges during combustion in an IC engine through Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) mode. The performance and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder CI engine are analyzed with 3 different fuels; biodiesel, butanol-gasoline (1:4 ratio), and biogas. The operational loads taken for the present study falls in the range from 5 N-m to 20 N-m at the engine speed of 1800 RPM. The influence of biogas on the emission characteristics is exclusively carried out with two different flow rates; 12lpm and 16lpm. The injection timings for butanol-gasoline blend are varied from 0 to 8ms. Fuel properties such as Viscosity, Vapor pressure, Density, Cloud point, Pour point, and Flashpoint are estimated. Engine parameters such as Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), Volumetric Efficiency (VE), HC, CO, NOx and smoke emissions, Peak pressure, Heat Release Rate (HRR), Ignition Delay, are analyzed. It is observed from the experiments that increasing injection time of pilot fuel - increases the HC and CO emissions; reduces the NOx emissions; decreases the smoke level with increase in biogas flow rate; and decreases the BTE, VE, and HRR

Biodiesel made from oil-bearing crops including Jatropha, Pongamia, Calophyllum Inophyllum, and others has elisions been the subject of extensive research over the past ten years. Still, not much research has been done on the idea of using oilseeds like jackfruit to make biodiesel. The objective of the experiment is to enhance the efficiency and downgrade emission by identifying the NOx and reducing it. In this experimental work, diesel and various blends such as (pine oil (PO), Jack Fruit Methyl Ester (JFME), Low cetane Jack fruit oil, mixture of Pine Oil, coconut shell nano additives with Pine oil and Jack Fruit Methyl Ester (JFOPOCS)) were utilised for investigating the performance of diesel engine. The effects signify that PO20 and JFO40 are both useful. There were no modifications made to the diesel engine. Conversely, NO X has been identified. All blends of pine oil and biodiesel rise consistently when compared to diesel. With the exception of nitrogen oxides, tertiary blends and the application of break thermal efficiency in the third phase can reduce all other emissions. Finally, comprehensive examination of the significant testing outcomes, it was determined that JFO40PO20CS60 could be utilised as an appropriate biofuel mixture for diesel engines functioning at optimal performance levels Nano Coconut Shell Additive. A biofuel mixture of Pine Oil 20%, Jack Fruit Oil 40%, and Coconut Shell Nano additive 60 ppm is a sustainable choice for usage in a Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDi) engine with the optimal parameters, according to extensive testing.