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"Paratext"
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THE MERGING AND CONFUSING OF COMPOSITIONAL AND COMPILATIONAL HISTORIES IN RECENT DISCUSSIONS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT CANON
It is ancient readers rather than the biblical authors who are responsible for the order of the books in the NT canon. The authors of Acts, Romans, 2 Peter, and James did not intend their compositions to play a specific canonical role or to occupy a set position in the lineup of NT books. By putting the books of the NT canon in a certain order, early readers provided aparatextual frame for the biblical text, reflecting a certain way of understanding the text. The placing of books in order puts an external constraint on the text of Scripture, albeit an inescapable one when texts of diverse origin are collected in a literary corpus, but the processes of composition and compilation are separate in origin andfunction.
Journal Article
Rewriting of Text and Paratext: Reception of “Bushido: The Soul of Japan” in a Chinese Context
Bushido: The Soul of Japan is an influential sociology work for the world to study Japan. Drawing primarily upon cultural translation studies and Gerard Genette's paratext theory, this article investigates how the 10 Chinese translations of Bushido: The Soul of Japan make meaning through rewriting of both text and paratext. The authoress contends that the cultural self-complacency, typical of “Escape from Asia” mentality in the wake of the Meiji Restoration, has been filtered by the dominant nationalist ideology in the target setting. Specifically, the affirmation of Chinese culture in the texts tends to be over-translated, while those paratexts that run contrary to the interest of the Chinese nation are either omitted or rewritten in conformity to Chinese nationalist thinking. As a result of the ideological rewriting of both text and paratext, Bushido has acquired a new meaning of war machine of modern Japanese militarism, which is a far cry from those intended by Inazo Nitobe in the wake of the first Sino-Japanese War.
Journal Article
Producing Ovid's 'Metamorphoses' in the Early Modern Low Countries
This book offers an analysis of paratextual infrastructures in editions of Ovid's Metamorphoses and shows how paratexts functioned as important instruments for publishers and commentators to influence readers of this ancient text.
eBook
Entre quête identitaire et fragmentation textuelle: Étude des enjeux génériques et narratifs dans L’Odeur du café de Dany Laferrière
This article is a presentation of the generic and narrative challenges in L'Odeur du cafe of Dany Laferriere. It proposes to show that this text's generic status and paratext are obstacles to its reception as a novel. The linearity of the text is not continuous and there are many analepses and prolepses that break the chronological order of the narrated events. Indeed, this text represents reality through its multiple aspects; it rejects any precise affiliation and is characterized by hybrid genres and a mosaic structure consisting of disparate, juxtaposed fragments. This structure is an interpretation of the author's vision of the world and it has a strong relationship with the social group and multiple identities of the narrator.
Journal Article
Crossing borders: localization and paratext in Arabic mobile video games
The present study aims to investigate the intersection between mobile video game localization and paratext. More specifically, it investigates the potential factors that can impact and shape the entire gaming experience. To conduct the current study, the App Store descriptions for all the games listed in the App Store sub-category ‘Play in Arabic’ were analyzed (n = 23). A descriptive analysis was provided for each game’s app store description component, including the name of the game, events, what’s new, preview, rating and reviews, app privacy, and information. Moreover, the original English version of all these components was compared to the Arabic localized version. The findings revealed that not all components of the app store description are fully localized into Arabic. As far as paratext is concerned, the analysis demonstrated that gamers’ experience can be influenced and shaped by the surrounding description of the game and its localized versions.
Journal Article
Textual Agency
Gómez-Bravo also explores how authorial and textual agency were competing forces in the midst of an era marked by the institution of the Inquisition, the advent of the absolutist state, the growth of cities, and the constitution of the Spanish nation.
eBook
Paratextual framings of Psalm 72 and the shaping of interpretive possibilities
This article focuses on how paratextual reframings of Psalm 72 have transformed the royal ideology in the psalm. After an initial overview of the core psalm (vv. 1-17), its paratexts are addressed one by one. First, it is noted how the doxology in verses 18-19 is added as a theological correction, creating a tension between the psalm proper and the paratext. It is then argued that verses 1 and 20 cast the psalm as David’s prayer for Solomon. The effect of these paratextual activities is then traced over time, first in the Hebrew Bible, in Second Temple literature, in the New Testament, as well as in Christian and Jewish expositions. The article indicates various ways in which the tensions are resolved and how these interactions, in turn, generate new paratexts.
Journal Article
Animal Farm afterlife: epitextual values
PurposeThe present article seeks to further the analysis by examining the epitext employed by the press seeing as the epitext in the digital spaces might have given Animal Farm and its Thai re-translations a new lease on life.Design/methodology/approachThe interest in the study of translation and paratext has primarily been in analysing peritextual material of translated texts, not on the epitext, the distanced elements located outside the book. To add to a limited amount of research into epitext, this study focusses on the element that is external to the published re-translations: the news items published by the media in the Thai and English languages from May–June 2019, immediately after the Thai PM’s book recommendation.FindingsThese news items, as an epitextual element, primed, explained, contextualised, justified and tempted readers. The “Afterlife” of Animal Farm in Thailand is sustained by political upheavals and re-translations. Rather than through their textual qualities, the re-translations of Animal Farm compete with each other through epitext.Originality/valueIn discussing literary re-translation of Animal Farm in the digital age, Genette’s categories of paratextual field are not without their merits. The materials examined in this article are posted by web administrators with collective identity or institutional affiliation. In some of these news items or articles, materials created by different paratextual creators are selectively coalesced within a singular textual space. The site users or news readers encounter various elements in the texts that had been curated by journalists. In other words, these elements had been consciously crafted.
Journal Article
Paratexts as mediators of translations. The case of the preface to a Portuguese version of Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe
The provision of a translator’s paratext offers greater visibility to the translator and a direct source of information on his/her decisions and intentions. Osório de Oliveira, the translator of the Portuguese version of Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe, replaces the author’s original preface with one of his own in which he justifies the alterations to the original text, whilst underlining that it was a Portuguese vessel on its way to Brazil which saved the hero from his desperate plight. This paper proposes to examine the reasons for Oliveira’s emphasis on this particular episode, to the detriment of others which were unquestionably more interesting within the context of the hero’s adventures. The date of publication of the translation – 1940 – and consequently of the paratext, provides the principal key to the answer, as the ideology of the Estado Novo was founded on the exaltation of the Portuguese “Discoveries”, underpinning a colonial policy which supposedly justified the retention of the “Overseas Provinces”. The paper discusses the translator’s reasons for intervening in the target text, whilst attempting to evaluate how far the paratext may have mediated the reception of a final version in which the deeds of past heroes were exploited in an attempt to appropriate Defoe’s story.
Journal Article