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"Personality Disorders - psychology"
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The relation of borderline personality disorder to aggression, victimization, and institutional misconduct among prisoners
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is highly prevalent among incarcerated populations; however, research has yet to examine whether prisoners diagnosed with BPD experience greater interpersonal dysfunction and institutional misconduct while incarcerated.
This study drew from a sample of 184 male and female prisoners diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) in a randomized trial of depression treatment. The presence of a BPD diagnosis (n = 69) was analyzed as a predictor of disciplinary incidents/infractions (i.e., fights, arguments with staff, disciplinary infractions, isolation), time spent in isolation, and types of aggression and victimization experiences during incarceration.
There was a trend suggesting prisoners with BPD were about twice as likely as those without BPD to report disciplinary incidents/infractions (OR = 1.76 [0.93, 3.32], p = 0.075). Having a BPD diagnosis was unrelated to time in isolation and overall aggression and victimization. However, prisoners with BPD were more likely than those without BPD to perpetrate and be victimized by psychological aggression. Due to high rates of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) in the sample as a whole (72%), additional analyses compared outcomes across prisoners with no BPD or ASPD diagnosis, BPD diagnosis only, ASPD diagnosis only, and comorbid BPD and ASPD. Prisoners with comorbid BPD and ASPD were no more likely than prisoners with ASPD only to report disciplinary incidents/infractions, but were significantly more likely than those with ASPD only to report perpetrating and being victimized by psychological aggression.
Among prisoners with MDD, those with a BPD diagnosis have increased risk of psychological aggression and disciplinary infractions during incarceration.
•Examined institutional misconduct, aggression, & victimization in inmates with BPD•Compared outcomes in inmates with co-occurring BPD and ASPD to those with either disorder alone•Inmates with BPD had higher risk of disciplinary infractions & psychological aggression.•Co-occurring BPD and ASPD associated with more psychological aggression than ASPD only•Inmates with BPD at risk of verbal misconduct during incarceration
Journal Article
Psychotherapy in an age of narcissism : modernity, science, and society
\"Narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder are subjects of great interest in contemporary society. The modern world, with its strongly individualistic values, encourages people to focus on themselves. Psychotherapy, although used to treat narcissism, is influenced by the same values, and runs the danger of making patients worse rather than better. This book, written from the perspective of empirical research in psychology, psychiatry, and the social sciences, suggests a different approach to psychotherapy, moving away from a focus on the self, and guiding patients to develop better social capital and social networks\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Dimensional representations of DSM-IV cluster B personality disorders in a population-based sample of Norwegian twins: a multivariate study
The personality disorders (PDs) in the 'dramatic' cluster B [antisocial (ASPD), histrionic (HPD), narcissistic (NPD) and borderline (BPD)] demonstrate co-morbidity. However, the degree to which genetic and/or environmental factors influence their co-occurrence is not known and, with the exception of ASPD, the relative impact of genetic and environmental risk factors on liability to the cluster B PDs has not been conclusively established.
PD traits were assessed in 1386 Norwegian twin pairs between the age of 19 and 35 years using the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders (SIDP-IV). Using the statistical package Mx, multivariate twin models were fitted to dimensional representations of the PDs.
The best-fitting model, which did not include sex or shared family environment effects, included common genetic and environmental factors influencing all four dramatic PD traits, and factors influencing only ASPD and BPD. Heritability was estimated at 38% for ASPD traits, 31% for HPD traits, 24% for NPD traits and 35% for BPD traits. BPD traits had the lowest and ASPD traits the highest disorder-specific genetic variance.
The frequently observed co-morbidity between cluster B PDs results from both common genetic and environmental influences. Etiologically, cluster B has a 'substructure' in which ASPD and BPD are more closely related to each other than to the other cluster B disorders.
Journal Article
The Role of Metaperception in Personality Disorders: Do People with Personality Problems Know How Others Experience Their Personality?
Do people with personality problems have insight into how others experience them? In a large community sample of adults (N = 641), the authors examined whether people with personality disorder (PD) symptoms were aware of how a close acquaintance (i.e., a romantic partner, family member, or friend) perceived them by measuring participants' metaperceptions and self-perceptions as well as their acquaintance's impression of them on Five-Factor Model traits. Compared to people with fewer PD symptoms, people with more PD symptoms tended to be less accurate and tended to overestimate the negativity of the impressions they made on their acquaintance, especially for the traits of extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Interestingly, these individuals did not necessarily assume that their acquaintance perceived them as they perceived themselves; instead, poor insight was likely due to their inability to detect or utilize information other than their self-perceptions. Implications for the conceptualization, measurement, and treatment of PDs are discussed.
Journal Article
Metacognitive interpersonal therapy for personality disorders : a treatment manual
\"Patients with personality disorders need targeted treatments which are able to deal with the specific aspects of the core pathology and to tackle the challenges they present to the treatment clinicians. Such patients, however, are often difficult to engage, are prone to ruptures in the therapeutic alliance, and have difficulty adhering to a manualized treatment. Giancarlo Dimaggio, Antonella Montano, Raffaele Popolo and Giampaolo Salvatore aim to change this, and have developed a practical and systematic manual for the clinician, using Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy (MIT), and including detailed procedures for dealing with a range of personality disorders. The book is divided into two parts, Pathology, and Treatment, and provides precise instructions on how to move from the basic steps of forming an alliance, drafting a therapy contract and promoting self-reflections, to the more advanced steps of promoting change and helping the patient move toward health and adaptation. With clinical examples, summaries of therapies, and excerpts of session transcripts, Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy for Personality Disorders will be welcomed by psychotherapists, clinical psychologists and other mental health professionals involved in the treatment of personality disorders\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Trust and Rejection Sensitivity in Personality Disorders
Purpose of Review
We review recent empirical investigations about two core processes subtending impairments in interpersonal functioning and, more precisely, cooperative behaviors in personality disorders: Trust toward others and rejection sensitivity. The main contributions are about borderline and narcissistic personality disorders but we report a little evidence about other personality disorders too (i.e., avoidant, antisocial, and paranoid personality disorders).
Recent Findings
Regarding borderline personality disorder, a misinterpretation of situations as threatening seems to be relevant for both trust and rejection sensitivity. With specific regard to narcissistic personality disorder, results suggest rejection sensitivity and distrust to be plausible risk factors for aggressive outbursts.
Summary
Empirical findings display specific patterns of disturbances in rejection sensitivity and trust dynamics across different personality disorders. Nonetheless, further studies on personality disorders other than borderline or narcissistic personality disorder are needed. A deeper understanding may provide insight for better clinical management of such impairments among patients with personality disorders.
Journal Article
Personality dimensions of patients can change during the course of parkinson’s disease
Studies assessing personality dimensions by the \"Temperament and Character Inventory\" (TCI) have previously found an association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and lower Novelty Seeking and higher Harm Avoidance scores. Here, we aimed to describe personality dimensions of PD patients with motor fluctuations and compare them to a normative population and other PD populations.
All PD patients awaiting Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) answered the TCI before neurosurgery. Their results were compared to those of historical cohorts (a French normative population, a de novo PD population, and a PD population with motor fluctuations).
Most personality dimensions of our 333 included PD patients with motor fluctuations who are candidates for DBS were different from those of the normative population and some were also different from those of the De Novo PD population, whereas they were similar to those of another population of PD patients with motor fluctuations.
During the course of PD, personality dimensions can change in parallel with the development of motor fluctuations, either due to the evolution of the disease and/or dopaminergic treatments.
Journal Article