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In this work is proposed to use the profilometer based on thin cylindrical ionization chambers as a tool for electron beam diagnostics. The suggested device is based on multi-angle scanning method. To test this profilometer system experimental studies on microtron MT-25 were conducted in which were measured transverse distributions of electron beam intensity at different distances. Results show the efficacy of using a novel profilometer with set of ionization chambers as part of detector system for measurement the real spatial characteristics of a given electron beam.

As a non-contact measuring instrument, 3D surface profilometer has many advantages such as high precision, good repeatability and high visualization, and has become the mainstream measuring equipment in the field of micro and nano detection. Single cut line sample, multi cut line sample and step sample have important applications in micro/nano calibration field. In this paper, 3D surface profilometer is used to measure two kinds of samples. The results are compared with those obtained by National Institute of Metrology. The results show that the results are similar to those obtained by other measuring equipment, which proves the powerful function of 3D surface profilometer.

The article aims to assess the roughness of parting surfaces in the context of abrasive water jet technology for various materials. The evaluation is based on the feed speed of the cutting head, which is adjusted to achieve the desired final roughness, taking into consideration the stiffness of the material being cut. We used non-contact and contact methods to measure selected parameters of the roughness of the dividing surfaces. The study included two materials—namely, structural steel material S235JRG1 and aluminum alloy AW 5754. In addition to the above, the study involved using a cutting head with varying feed rates to achieve different surface roughness levels required by customers. The roughness parameters Ra and Rz of the cut surfaces were measured using a laser profilometer (laser profilometer). To ensure the accuracy of the laser profilometer, a control roughness measurement was conducted using a contact roughness gauge. The roughness values obtained for Ra and Rz from both measurement methods were plotted on a graph to illustrate their dependencies and were subsequently evaluated and compared. By measuring the roughness parameters Ra and Rz, the study was able to provide insights into the effectiveness of the cutting head’s feed rates in achieving the desired roughness levels. Additionally, by comparing the results of the laser profilometer and contact roughness gauge, the accuracy of the measurement non-contact method used in the study was verified.

Surface topography measurement is the micro topography measurement of samples to be tested, which plays an important role in measuring white light interferometer. Taking the B3-shaped penetration test block for nondestructive testing and the profilometer standard ball for length measurement as the main research objects. The depth and width of crack defects in the penetration test block are measured and analyzed, the radius of the spherical groove on the reverse side of the penetration test block is measured and analyzed, and the spherical radius of the profilometer standard ball is measured and analyzed. The measurement results show that there is little difference between the radius measurement of the penetration test block and the theoretical value. The measurement of crack width and depth will contribute to the qualitative analysis of the crack, and the measurement of the profilometer standard ball provides a non-contact measurement means.

Matt polyurethane coating was successfully prepared through the synergistic effect of castor oil and phenolic epoxy resin into polyurethane backbone. The formation mechanism may be ascribed to the modulus mismatch between the partially modified epoxy polyurethane and partially unmodified polyurethane. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the micro-rough surface morphologies. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and three-dimensional (3D) surface profilometer were applied to calculate a series of surface roughness parameters in different dimensions, such as Sa, Sq, Sp, Sv, Sz, Sku, Ssk, etc. The exciting results of this paper—the correlation of surface roughness on measurement length and gloss—are explored in detail. It reveals the extrinsic property of measured roughness with measurement length and provides guidance for what kind of incident angle gloss meters (20°, 60°, and 85°) best describe the gloss of matt polyurethane coating.

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a common additive manufacturing (AM) technology able to fabricate physical prototypes directly from virtual model without geometrical complexity limitations. Initially used to create concept models to help product design stage, FDM developed as regard materials, accuracy, and the overall quality of the output improved, becoming suitable for end use. At present, it is employed in process chains to significantly shorten product development times and costs and to produce parts in small and medium batch. A critical drawback which inhibits its diffusion is the obtainable accuracy. Only few indications, relating the dimensional deviations, exist, and they are conflicting each other, not allowing a reliable prediction. In this paper, a geometrical model of the filament, dependent upon the deposition angle and layer thickness, has been developed in order to predict the obtainable part dimensions. The model has been validated by an experimental campaign. The specimens have been investigated by means of profilometer analysis in order to study macrogeometrical and microgeometrical aspects. Finally, a case study highlighted the reliability of the model. The direct implication of this work is the capability, in process planning, to know in advance if the FDM part dimensions will satisfy the specification and the component will fit with others. Moreover, this model can be employed to choose the suitable manufacturing strategy in order to comply with industrial constrains and scopes.

Extreme erosion wear from elevated temperature caused by the impact of entrained solid particles in the fluid stream primarily affects aerospace components and marine parts. This work focuses on increasing the base material erosion resistance by applying thermally sprayed carbide-based coatings. A high-temperature Solid particle erosion behavior of WC-Co/NiCr/Mo and Cr 3 C 2 -CoNiCrAlY coatings deposited by the HVOF process on a titanium-31 was evaluated using an air-jet erosion tester. The erosion test was conducted utilizing alumina erodent of grit size 35-50 µm. The effects of impact angles (30°, 60°, and 90°) and temperatures (200-800 °C) on the erosion performance of two coatings are compared. The feedstock powder and as-sprayed coatings were characterized for micro-structure phase composition, porosity, density, micro-hardness, and adhesion strength. SEM/EDS and a 3D optical profilometer were used to examine eroded samples further to determine the erosion mode. The Cr 3 C 2 -CoNiCrAlY coating shows a brittle mode behavior of erosion at 200-400 °C and ductile mode behavior of erosion at 600-800 °C. In contrast, the WC-Co/NiCr/Mo coating shows brittle mode behavior of erosion at 200-400 °C and 600-800 °C, a mixed mode behavior of erosion. The erosion loss in volume of Cr 3 C 2 -CoNiCrAlY is lower than WC-Co/NiCr/Mo for all temperatures and impact angles. The development of carbide and oxide phases on the eroded surfaces demonstrates increasing erosion resistance at high temperatures. The optical profilometer measures the volumetric erosion loss, compares it with the weight loss method, and finds consistency between them.

As-produced laser-sintered metal additively manufactured components possess a high roughness and unsuitable surface texture that may lead to several forms of crack generation under static and dynamic loading. This problem is even more severe for additively manufactured (AM) components with intricate geometries involving a large internal surface area. Here, we report the application of the chemical polishing method to improve the surface finish of 316 steel components. After chemical polishing, the AM component surface became dull gray to bright lustrous and surface morphology improved remarkably. As a distinctive advantage, chemical polishing effectively reduces the roughness of the internal and external surfaces of the AM component. The R a roughness parameter changed from ~ 5 to ~ 0.4 um for the outer surface. However, for the inner surface of the AM component, where abrasive blasting or shot pinning was unable to remove loose metal powder, the R a surface roughness reduced from ~ 15 to ~ 0.4 um. Our SEM study showed that chemical polishing produced the surface texture covered with ~ 0.3-μm-wide sub-microscopic convex hull-shaped regions. During chemical polishing, material removal preferably occurred from the interior regions of the ubiquitous sub-microscopic regions. The roughness measurement conducted with SEM on a ~ 20-μm scan length chemical polished sample was R a 0.37 μm. Roughness study in SEM was in close agreement with the roughness measurement performed with optical profilometer over several millimeter-long scan lengths resulting in a ~ 0.4-μm R a . These studies suggested that chemical polishing produced uniform surface reduction over a large area.

The main goal of this study was to verify the best combination of density, moisture content, and feed speed on the surface quality of Pinus elliottii boards aimed at deck manufacturing. The secondary goal was to compare three methods of surface quality assessment. Tangential boards were sampled and sorted by density (level 1: 414 kg·m–³ to 525 kg·m–³; level 2: 526 kg·m–³ to 668 kg·m–³) and moisture content (level 1: 13.5% to 17.5%; level 2: 17.6% to 20.0%). A four-side planer molder was used, at three levels of feed speed (15, 20, and 25 m·min-1). Surface quality was assessed immediately after machining by visual-tactile analysis, stylus surface profilometer reading (parameters Ra, Rz, and Rt), and feed per tooth (fz) measurement. The best surface quality results were obtained with denser (526 kg·m–³ to 668 kg·m–³) and wetter boards (17.6% to 20.0% moisture content) at feed speed 20 m•min-1. This recommendation represents an optimal balance between the quality standard of the deck boards and high productivity. Because of the low cost and because it has some correspondence with the stylus surface profilometer readings, visual-tactile analysis is recommended to assess the surface quality.

Post-mortem characterisation is a pivotal tool to trace back to the origin of structural failures in modern engineering analyses. This work compared both the crack propagation and rupture roughness profiles based on areal parameters for total fracture area. Notched and smooth samples made of weather-resistant structural steel (10HNAP), popular S355J2 structural steel and aluminium alloy AW-2017A under bending, torsion and combined bending–torsion were investigated. After the fatigue tests, fatigue fractures were measured with an optical profilometer, and the relevant surface parameters were critically compared. The results showed a great impact of the loading scenario on both the local profiles and total fracture areas. Both approaches (local and total fracture zones) for specimens with different geometries were investigated. For all specimens, measured texture parameters decreased in the following order: total area, rupture area and propagation area.