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Adapalene is used for treatment of acne vulgaris, a common dermatological disease. Nano-based carriers have been developed to improve solubility and bioavailability of adapalene and other acne treatment drugs. In our previous report, tea tree oil nanoemulsion containing adapalene gel (TTO NE + ADA Gel) showed appropriate physical and biological properties such as stability, viscosity, pH, size, morphology and biocompatibility in an animal model. The present study was designed to assess efficacy and safety of the TTO NE + ADA Gel in comparison with 0.1% adapalene marketed gel (ADA Marketed Gel). A total of 100 patients were randomized to receive TTO NE + ADA Gel or ADA Marketed Gel, once daily at night, for 12 weeks. Analysis for efficacy was conducted by acne lesion count (total, inflammatory and non-inflammatory) and acne severity index at weeks 4, 8 and 12 using generalized estimating equation along with the safety assessments in each measurement for assessing dryness, erythema, burning sensation and irritation. Significantly better reduction in total, inflammatory, and non-inflammatory acne lesions were reported for TTO NE + ADA Gel as compared to the ADA Marketed Gel overall and on each measurement occasion ( p value  < 0.001 for all). Mean acne severity index also reduced with TTO NE + ADA Gel significantly in comparison with ADA Marketed Gel ( p value  < 0.001). Dryness was the most common adverse effect reported in both groups and it was higher in TTO NE + ADA Gel group. In conclusion, TTO NE + ADA Gel compared to ADA Marketed Gel appears more effective in the treatment of acne vulgaris, with no important change in adverse effects.

Background: Finding an effective treatment for acne that is well tolerated by the patients is a challenge. One study has suggested the efficacy of tea tree oil in treatment of the acne vulgaris. Aim: To determine the efficacy of tea tree oil in mild to moderate acne vulgaris. Methods: This was a randomized double-blind clinical trial performed in 60 patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris. They were randomly divided into two groups and were treated with tea tree oil gel (n=30) or placebo (n=30). They were followed every 15 days for a period of 45 days. Response to treatment was evaluated by the total acne lesions counting (TLC) and acne severity index (ASI). The data was analyzed statistically using t-test and by SPSS program. Results: There were no significant differences regarding demographic characteristics between the two groups. There was a significant difference between tea tree oil gel and placebo in the improvement of the TLC and also regarding improvement of the ASI. In terms of TLC and ASI, tea tree oil gel was 3.55 times and 5.75 times more effective than placebo respectively. Side-effects with both groups were relatively similar and tolerable. Conclusion: Topical 5% tea tree oil is an effective treatment for mild to moderate acne vulgaris.

Background There are many different types of pediculicides available OTC in Australia. In this study we compare the efficacy and safety of three topical pediculicides: a pediculicide containing melaleuca oil (tea tree oil) and lavender oil (TTO/LO); a head lice \"suffocation\" product; and a product containing pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide (P/PB). Method This study was a randomised, assessor-blind, comparative, parallel study of 123 subjects with live head lice. The head lice products were applied according to the manufacturer's instructions (the TTO/LO product and the \"suffocation\" product were applied three times at weekly intervals according to manufacturers instructions (on Day 0, Day 7 and Day 14) and the P/PB product was applied twice according to manufacturers instructions (on Day 0 and Day 7)). The presence or absence of live lice one day following the last treatment was determined. Results The percentage of subjects who were louse-free one day after the last treatment with the product containing tea tree oil and lavender oil (41/42; 97.6%) and the head lice \"suffocation\" product (40/41, 97.6%) was significantly higher compared to the percentage of subjects who were louse-free one day after the last treatment with the product containing pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide (10/40, 25.0%; adj. p < 0.0001). Conclusion The high efficacy of the TTO/LO product and the head lice \"suffocation\" product offers an alternative to the pyrethrins-based product. Trial Registration The study was entered into the Australian/New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry, ACTRN12610000179033.

Three otherwise healthy prepubertal boys with normal endogenous steroid levels had gynecomastia coincident with the topical application of products containing lavender and tea tree oils. Gynecomastia resolved after the use of these products was stopped. Studies in human cell lines indicated that both oils exhibited estrogenic and antiandrogenic activities, suggesting that repeated topical exposure probably caused prepubertal gynecomastia. Three otherwise healthy prepubertal boys with normal endogenous steroid levels had gynecomastia coincident with the topical application of products containing lavender and tea tree oils. Gynecomastia is generally attributed to conditions that disrupt sex-steroid signaling pathways, resulting in increased or unopposed estrogen action on breast tissue. 1 In contrast to gynecomastia in adolescent boys and men, prepubertal gynecomastia is rare and should always be considered pathological, prompting a search for a source of estrogen. Although hyperestrogenemia may be endogenous or exogenous in origin, most persons with prepubertal gynecomastia have normal serum concentrations of sex steroids, and an underlying cause is not identified. 2 , 3 In such cases, possible exposure to exogenous sources of estrogen should be considered. We investigated the cause of prepubertal gynecomastia in three otherwise . . .

Whilst the anti-microbial properties of tea tree oil (TTO) are established, the anti-inflammatory effects of TTO in human skin remain largely anecdotal and require evaluation. This study examined the effect of topically applied TTO on nickel-induced contact hypersensitivity reactions in human dorsal skin. TTO (100%), a 5% TTO lotion, a placebo lotion (no TTO), or 100% macadamia oil were applied at days 3 and 5 after nickel exposure. The flare area and erythema index were measured on days 3, 5 and 7. The regulatory effects of TTO were also investigated on the proliferative response to nickel or polyclonal mitogens by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from nickel-sensitive and control subjects. TTO (100%) significantly reduced the flare area and erythema index when compared to the nickel-only sites. With respect to the erythema index, the anti-inflammatory effects were predominantly, but not exclusively, seen in a subgroup of nickel-sensitive subjects with a prolonged development phase of nickel-induced contact hypersensitivity response. The 5% TTO lotion, the placebo lotion and the 100% macadamia oil were all without significant effect. TTO significantly inhibited proliferation to nickel but not to non-specific polyclonal mitogens by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from nickel-sensitive subjects. Topical application of 100% TTO may have therapeutic benefit in nickel-induced contact hypersensitivity in human skin. The mode of action of TTO requires further investigation, but may be an effect on the antigen presenting cells or the antigen presenting process in nickel-induced contact hypersensitivity, as well as vascular changes associated with this response.

Tea tree oil is an essential oil obtained by distillation from the leaves and terminal branchlets of Melaleuca alternifolia and is now present in numerous products for body care and self-medication. We report a case of allergic contact dermatitis to tea tree oil in a young man who was applying a lotion containing tea tree oil on a wart localized on the plantar aspect of the right big toe, which had previously been treated with cryotherapy. He developed a severe eczematous eruption on the right foot and the right leg, with subsequent id reactions affecting the right thigh, the contralateral lower limb, the trunk and the upper limbs. The lotion was discontinued, and the dermatitis resolved after topical corticosteroid therapy. Patch testing with the aforementioned lotion 10% pet. and oxidized tea tree oil 5% pet. identified tea tree oil as the culprit agent of the dermatitis. This case report confirms that products made of natural ingredients, often perceived to be harmless, can cause allergic reactions.

Psoriasis is a clinical skin disease that is characterized by erythematous scaling plaques and involves the extensor site of the extremities, the scalp and other surfaces of the skin. Tea tree oil (TTO) is considered an essential oil, obtained by steam distillation of the leaves and terminal branchlets of Melaleuca alternifolia. Notably,terpinen-4-ol, the major TTO constituent, has been found to have potent anti-inflammatory properties. It is suggested that terpinen-4-ol may be a novel potential agent against psoriasis. This article draws attention to the antipsoriatic effect of TTO and provides a theoretical molecular approach.