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"multidrug-resistant bacterial"
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Phantom plague : how tuberculosis shaped history
\"The definitive social history of tuberculosis, from its origins as a haunting mystery to its modern reemergence that now threatens populations around the world. It killed novelist George Orwell, Eleanor Roosevelt, and millions of others - rich and poor. Desmond Tutu, Amitabh Bachchan, and Nelson Mandela survived it, just. For centuries, tuberculosis has ravaged cities and plagued the human body. In Phantom Plague, Vidya Krishnan, traces the history of tuberculosis from the slums of 19th-century New York to modern Mumbai. In a narrative spanning century, Krishnan shows how superstition and folk-remedies, made way for scientific understanding of TB, such that it was controlled and cured in the West. The cure was never available to black and brown nations. And the tuberculosis bacillus showed a remarkable ability to adapt -- so that at the very moment it could have been extinguished as a threat to humanity, it found a way back, aided by authoritarian governments, the toxic kindness of philanthropists, science denialism, and medical apartheid. Krishnan's original reporting paints a granular portrait of the post-antibiotic era as a new, aggressive, drug resistant strain of TB takes over. Phantom Plague is an urgent, riveting and fascinating narrative that deftly exposes the weakest links in our battle against this ancient foe.\"--Front jacket flap.
BOOK
Pulmonary Staphylococcus aureus infection regulates breast cancer cell metastasis via neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation
The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was recently identified as one of the most important processes for the maintenance of host tissue homeostasis in bacterial infection. Meanwhile, pneumonia infection has a poor effect on cancer patients receiving immunotherapy. Whether pneumonia‐mediated NETs increase lung metastasis remains unclear. In this study, we identified a critical role for multidrug‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection‐induced NETs in the regulation of cancer cell metastasis. Notably, S. aureus triggered autophagy‐dependent NETs formation in vitro and in vivo and increased cancer cell metastasis. Targeting autophagy effectively regulated NETs formation, which contributed to the control of cancer metastasis in vivo. Moreover, the degradation of NETs by DNase I significantly suppresses metastasis in lung. Our work offers novel insight into the mechanisms of metastasis induced by bacterial pneumonia and provides a potential therapeutic strategy for pneumonia‐related metastasis. Neutrophils help cancer cells metastasis in distant organs. Clinical multidrug‐resistant (MDR) S. aureus infection enhances cancer recurrence via orchestrating the NETosis network to promote metastasis. Targeting autophagy and/or NETs in bacterial infection may be useful for patient prognosis and may reduce metastasis.
Journal Article
Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Colonization and Infections in Large Retrospective Cohort of Mechanically Ventilated COVID-19 Patients
Few data are available on incidence of multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) colonization and infections in mechanically ventilated patients, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. We retrospectively evaluated all patients admitted to the COVID-19 intensive care unit (ICU) of Hub Hospital in Milan, Italy, during October 2020‒May 2021. Microbiologic surveillance was standardized with active screening at admission and weekly during ICU stay. Of 435 patients, 88 (20.2%) had MDROs isolated ≤48 h after admission. Of the remaining patients, MDRO colonization was diagnosed in 173 (51.2%), MDRO infections in 95 (28.1%), and non-MDRO infections in 212 (62.7%). Non-MDRO infections occurred earlier than MDRO infections (6 days vs. 10 days; p<0.001). Previous exposure to antimicrobial drugs within the ICU was higher in MDRO patients than in non-MDRO patients (116/197 [58.9%] vs. 18/140 [12.9%]; p<0.001). Our findings might serve as warnings for future respiratory viral pandemics and call for increased measures of antimicrobial stewardship and infection control.
Journal Article
An ATP-activated spatiotemporally controlled hydrogel prodrug system for treating multidrug-resistant bacteria-infected pressure ulcers
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-activated prodrug approaches demonstrate potential in antibacterial uses. However, their efficacy frequently faces obstacles due to uncontrolled premature activation and spatiotemporal distribution differences under physiological circumstances. Herein, we present an endogenous ATP-activated prodrug system (termed ISD3) consisting of nanoparticles (indole-3-acetic acid/zeolitic imidazolate framework-8@polydopamine@platinum, IZPP) embedded in a silk fibroin-based hydrogel, aimed at treating multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria-infected pressure ulcers. Initially, an ultraviolet-triggered adhesive ISD3 barrier is formed over the pressure ulcer wound by a simple local injection. Subsequently, the bacteria-secreted ATP prompts the degradation of IZPP, allowing the loaded IAA prodrug and nanozyme to encounter spatiotemporally on a single carrier, thereby efficiently generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Exposure to 808 nm near-infrared light enhances the catalytic reaction speed, boosting ROS levels for stronger antibacterial action. Once optimal antibacterial action is reached, ISD3 switches to a dormant state, halting any further ROS production. Moreover, the bioactive components in ISD3 can exert anti-inflammatory functions, aiding in pressure ulcer recovery. Overall, our research introduces a hydrogel prodrug strategy activated by bacterial endogenous ATP, which precisely manages ROS generation and accelerates the recovery of MDR bacteria-infected pressure ulcers.
We introduce an ATP-activated spatiotemporally controlled hydrogel prodrug system (ISD3) that exhibits potent NIR-enhanced reactive oxygen species production performance, specifically designed to treat multidrug-resistant bacteria-infected pressure ulcers. [Display omitted]
•An endogenous ATP-activated hydrogel prodrug system (ISD3) is designed.•ISD3 is prepared by incorporating IAA/ZIF-8@PDA@Pt nanoparticles into a silk fibroin-based matrix.•ISD3 exhibits bacterial ATP-triggered ROS production properties.•ISD3 accelerates the recovery of multidrug-resistant bacteria-infected pressure ulcers.
Journal Article
A pH/enzyme dual responsive PMB spatiotemporal release hydrogel promoting chronic wound repair
Suppressing persistent multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections and excessive inflammation is the key for treating chronic wounds. Therefore, developing a microenvironment-responsive material with good biodegradability, drug-loading, anti-infection, and anti-inflammatory properties is desired to boost the chronic wounds healing process; however, using ordinary assembly remains a defect. Herein, we propose a pH/enzyme dual-responsive polymyxin B (PMB) spatiotemporal-release hydrogel (GelMA/OSSA/PMB), namely, the amount of OSSA and PMB released from GelMA/OSSA/PMB was closely related the wound pH and the enzyme concentration changing. The GelMA/OSSA/PMB showed better biosafety than equivalent free PMB, owing to the controlled release of PMB, which helped kill planktonic bacteria and inhibit biofilm activity in vitro. In addition, the GelMA/OSSA/PMB exhibited excellent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. A MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa caused infection was effectively resolved by the GelMA/OSSA/PMB hydrogel in vivo, thereby significantly boosting wound closure during the inflammatory phase. Furthermore, GelMA/OSSA/PMB accelerated the sequential phases of wound repair.
Journal Article
Engineering Janus gold nanorod—titania heterostructures with enhanced photocatalytic antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant bacterial infection
Photocatalytic antibacterial approach shows great potential in treating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. However, the bactericidal efficiency heavily depends on the photocatalytic activity of semiconductor materials, which is limited by the fast recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Janus nano-heterostructures with spatial control growth of TiO
2
nanoparticles (NPs) at one end of gold nanorods (Au NRs) are designed via surface ligand regulation for photocatalytic sterilization and infected wound healing. The asymmetric nanostructure of Janus gold nanorod-titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Janus AuNR-TiO
2
NPs) promotes the directional migration of charge carriers and is more conducive to the spatial separation of electron—hole pairs. Moreover, the injection of hot electrons and enhancement of plasmon near-fields from the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect further improve the photocatalytic efficiency of Janus AuNR-TiO
2
NPs. Under simulated sunlight irradiation, large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated for photocatalytic antibacterial activity. Enhanced bactericidal efficiency up to 99.99% against methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) is achieved
in vitro
. Furthermore, Janus AuNR-TiO
2
NPs exhibit superior biocompatibility, structural stability, and also remarkably accelerate MRSA-infected wound healing. Taking the above all into consideration, Janus AuNR-TiO
2
NPs, as an efficient antibacterial photocatalyst, offers a promising strategy for MRSA infectious therapy.
Journal Article
Fabrication of Co-Assembly from Berberine and Tannic Acid for Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Infection Treatment
Long-term antibiotic use induces drug resistance in bacteria. This has given rise to the challenge of refractory infections, which have become a global health threat. Berberine (BBR) and tannic acid (TA) from plants exhibit promising antibacterial activities and may overcome antibiotic resistance. However, poor solubility and/or low penetration capability have limited their application. Carrier-free co-assembled nanocomposites composed entirely of BBR and TA exhibit improved or new properties and produce improved efficacy. Herein, we demonstrated that an ordered nanostructure could be spontaneously co-assembled by the solvent evaporation method using the two natural products. These co-assembled berberine–tannic acid nanoparticles (BBR-TA NPs) exhibited the best antibacterial effect compared with the corresponding physical mixture, pristine BBR, and some first-line antibiotics (benzylpenicillin potassium-BP and ciprofloxacin-Cip) against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Even if the concentration of BBR-TA NPs was as low as 15.63 μg/mL, the antibacterial rate against S. aureus and MRSA was more than 80%. In addition to the synergistic effect of the two compounds, the antibacterial mechanism underlying the nanostructures was that they strongly adhered to the surface of the bacterial cell wall, thereby inducing cell membrane damage and intracellular ATP leakage. Furthermore, the in vivo wound healing effect of BBR-TA NPs was verified using an MRSA wound infection mouse model. The BBR-TA NPs achieved the best efficacy compared with BP and Cip. Moreover, cytotoxic and histopathological evaluations of mice revealed that the nanodrug had good biological safety. This facile and green co-assembly strategy for preparing nanoparticles provides a feasible reference for the clinical treatment of bacterial infection.
Journal Article
New Approach For Simvastatin As An Antibacterial: Synergistic Effect With Bio-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria
Multidrug-resistant bacteria such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), Enterobacteriaceae, and methicillin-resistant
(MRSA) pose a challenge to the human health care system. MRSA is among the major causes of hospital-acquired and community infections.
Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized by
(AgNP
) in combination with simvastatin against reference and multidrug-resistant bacterial strains.
Simvastatin showed a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 0.062 to 0.25 mg mL
against MRSA. AgNP
with a size of 77.68± 33.95 nm and zeta potential -34.6 ± 12.7 mV showed an MIC of 0.212 mg mL
against
including MRSA strains. The checkerboard assay and time-kill curves exhibited a synergistic effect of the simvastatin-AgNP
combination on antibacterial activity against MRSA strains. The combination of simvastatin and AgNP
demonstrated antibacterial activity against
producing ESBL. Scanning electron microscopy showed the formation of cell surface protrusions after treatment with AgNP
and the formation of a large amorphous mass after treatment with simvastatin, both in MRSA.
Our results indicate that the combination of AgNP
and simvastatin could be a great future alternative in the control of bacterial infections, where, when combined with simvastatin, smaller doses of AgNP
are required, with the same antibacterial activity.
Journal Article
