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Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Are Increasing in Indigenous Populations in Canada: Now What?
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Are Increasing in Indigenous Populations in Canada: Now What?
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Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Are Increasing in Indigenous Populations in Canada: Now What?
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Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Are Increasing in Indigenous Populations in Canada: Now What?
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Are Increasing in Indigenous Populations in Canada: Now What?
Journal Article

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Are Increasing in Indigenous Populations in Canada: Now What?

2022
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Overview
Although recent literature completed in the United States shows that individual exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is generally declining on a national level, analyses have not yet determined how these trends are experienced within diverse demographics, specifically related to race, gender, and socioeconomic status. Further description of how ACEs are experienced within marginalized groups can inform broader policy and preventative interventions. This narrative review explored the national data related to ACEs and subsequent health outcomes among Indigenous peoples in Canada in order to consider population-level trends. In Canada, Indigenous communities continue to confront experiences of intergenerational trauma and family disruptions due to histories of residential schools and overrepresentation in both child welfare and criminal justice systems. This review of national data indicated that, overall, ACEs are increasing within Indigenous populations, and Indigenous peoples experience ACEs more frequently than non-Indigenous peoples. It is possible that the well-documented health disparities within Indigenous populations are partially related to increased exposure to ACEs and are mediated by intergenerational traumas. Potential policy and treatment implications to inform broader public health approaches of ACE prevention and treatment are discussed. Bien que la littérature récente réalisée aux États-Unis montre que l'exposition individuelle aux expériences négatives durant l'enfance (ENE) est généralement en baisse au niveau national, les analyses n'ont pas encore déterminé comment ces tendances sont vécues au sein de diverses démographies, spécifiquement en lien avec la race, le sexe et le statut socio-économique. Une description plus détaillée de la façon dont les ENE sont vécues par les groupes marginalisés peut éclairer les politiques et les interventions préventives. Cette revue narrative a exploré les données nationales relatives aux ENE et aux résultats de santé subséquents chez les peuples autochtones du Canada afin d'examiner les tendances au niveau de la population. Au Canada, les communautés autochtones continuent de faire face à des expériences de traumatismes intergénérationnels et de perturbations familiales en raison de l'histoire des pensionnats et de leur surreprésentation dans les systèmes de protection de l'enfance et de justice pénale. Cet examen des données nationales indique que, dans l'ensemble, les ENE augmentent au sein des populations autochtones et que les peuples autochtones sont plus souvent confrontés aux ENE que les peuples non autochtones. Il est possible que les disparités de santé bien documentées au sein des populations autochtones soient partiellement liées à une exposition accrue aux ENE et soient influencées par des traumatismes intergénérationnels. Les implications potentielles en termes de politique et de traitement pour éclairer les approches de santé publique plus larges de la prévention et du traitement des ENE sont discutées. Public Significance Statement The current findings suggest that, within publicly available population-health data, exposure to ACEs may be increasing among Indigenous families in Canada despite national trends suggesting such exposure is decreasing among general populations. Culturally relevant interventions that can both prevent and mitigate the effects of ACEs among Indigenous communities are required.