Journal Article

Influence of Artesunate Combinative Therapy Co-Administration with Rutin on Inflammatory Cytokines and Immunoglobulins in Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice

Olanlokun, John Oludele, Balogun, Adisa Abayomi, Olorunsogo, Olufunso Olabode

2021

Overview

Some antimalarial drugs are immune-modulators that impact multiple pathways of innate immunity in malarial treatment. However, information on the immunomodulatory effects of artequine and rutin in the treatment of malaria remains elusive. Twenty-five Swiss mice (18 ± 2 g) were used for this study. Twenty were infected with Plasmodium berghei (NK65). Parasitemia was confirmed, and the animals were grouped (n = 5) as follows: Group A was not infected but treated orally with vehicle. Groups B to E were infected and treated (B) orally with vehicle (10 ml/kg), (C) with 10 mg/ kg artequine, (D) with 10 mg/kg of artequine supplemented with 100 mg rutin/kg, and (D) with 10 mg/kg of artequine supplemented with 200 mg rutin/kg, for 7 days. Blood was collected for hematological, inflammatory cytokines, and immunoglobulins G and M assays. Post mitochondrial supernatant fraction was used for antioxidant assays. Rutin co-administration (200 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.001) increased platelet and neutrophil counts (P < 0.01) but significantly (P < 0.01) decreased white blood cell count and lymphocyte relative to parasitized control. Also, it significantly (P < 0.05) decreased lipid peroxidation, xanthine oxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities but significantly (P < 0.05) increased reduced glutathione and glutathione S-transferase activity. Rutin co-administration also caused a significant (P < 0.001) increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and immunoglobulin M levels, while interleukin-1β and immunoglobulin G decreased significantly (P < 0.001) compared with parasitized control. These results showed that rutin co-administration with artequine improved host antioxidant status and modulated the immune and inflammatory responses.

• Publisher: American Society of Parasitologists,Allen Press Publishing,Allen Press Inc
• Subject: Animals / Antimalarial agents / Antimalarials - therapeutic use / Antioxidants / Antioxidants - analysis / Artequine / Artesunate / Artesunate - therapeutic use / Blood / Cytokines / Cytokines - drug effects / Drug Therapy, Combination / Glutathione / Glutathione transferase / IgG antibody / IL-1β / Immune system / Immunoglobulin G / Immunoglobulin M / Immunoglobulins / Immunoglobulins - drug effects / Immunomodulation / Immunosuppressive agents / Infections / Infectious diseases / Inflammation / Innate immunity / Interleukin 6 / Leukocyte Count / Leukocytes / Leukocytes (neutrophilic) / Leukocytes - drug effects / Lipid peroxidation / Lipids / Lymphocytes / Malaria / Malaria - drug therapy / Malaria - immunology / Male / Mice / Mitochondria / Modulators / Oxidative Stress / Parasitemia / Peroxidation / Plasmodium berghei - drug effects / Reagents / Reinfection / Rutin / Rutin - therapeutic use / Superoxide dismutase / THERAPEUTICS-DIAGNOSTICS / Tumor necrosis factor-α / Vector-borne diseases / Xanthine oxidase