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Lamb, Mutton, and Goat in the Babylonian Temple Economy
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Journal Article
Lamb, Mutton, and Goat in the Babylonian Temple Economy
2010
Overview
In the mid-first millennium B.C.E., the Eanna temple of Uruk distributed the meat of sheep and goats to its associates and dependents. The meat of post-sacrificial lambs went to the Eanna's prebend holding elite, while others received the meat of goats and older sheep without ceremony and on the hoof. Many assume this latter distribution worked to supply the Eanna's lowest classes with substandard meat. I argue, instead, that there was nothing inherently substandard about this meat; moreover, there is little evidence that it was intended for the Eanna's lowest classes. This paper then explores the distribution of meat to the Eanna's sub-elite, especially in place of temple rations and payments of silver. Au milieu du I er millénaire avant J.-C., le temple d'Eanna à Uruk distribuait de la viande de mouton et de chèvre à ses membres et dépendants. L'élite prébendée avait droit aux agneaux sacrifiés, tandis que d'autres groupes recevaient des chèvres et des moutons sur pied, sans cérémonie. Selon de nombreux chercheurs, cette dernière forme de distribution servait à approvisionner le petit peuple d'Eanna en viande de qualité inférieure. Je propose pour ma part que cette viande n'était en rien de qualité inférieure; par ailleurs, l'hypothèse qu'elle était destinée aux catégories sociales les plus basses d'Eanna est loin d'être prouvée. Cet article explore donc la distribution de viande auprès d'une élite de second rang, distribution notamment destinée à remplacer les rations du temple et les paiements en argent.
