Journal Article

Urinary 2,5-dicholorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol concentrations and prevalent disease among adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

Bhatti, Parveen, Lutsey, Pamela L, Rooney, Mary R, Prizment, Anna

2019

Overview

ObjectiveTo test cross-sectional associations between urinary concentrations of 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) with the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, lung disease, thyroid problems and liver conditions.MethodsLogistic regression was used to evaluate associations of urinary concentrations of 2,5-DCP and 2,4-DCP with prevalence of various medical conditions among 3617 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants from 2007–2008 and 2009–2010. ORs and 95% CIs for each disease were estimated. All regression models were adjusted for urinary creatinine.ResultsWe observed a monotonically increasing association between quartiles of 2,5-DCP and prevalence of CVD. After adjustment for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, participants with the highest versus lowest quartile of urinary 2,5-DCP had an OR=1.84 (95% CI 1.26 to 2.70) (p linear trend=0.006). The association was similar with further adjustment for established clinical CVD risk factors. Higher 2,5-DCP was also associated with prevalence of all cancers combined (ORQ4 vs Q1=1.50 (95% CI 1.00 to 2.26); p trend=0.05) and, in exploratory analyses, with gynaecological cancers (ORQ4 vs Q1=4.15 (95% CI 1.51 to 11.40; p trend=0.01)). No associations were detected between 2,5-DCP and lung diseases, thyroid problems or liver conditions, nor between 2,4-DCP and prevalent disease.ConclusionIn this nationally representative study, higher urinary 2,5-DCP concentrations were associated with greater prevalence of CVD and all cancers combined. Further examination may be warranted to assess whether chronic exposure to 2,5-DCP is associated with incidence of adverse health outcomes.

• Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd,BMJ,BMJ Publishing Group LTD
• Subject: 2,4-Dichlorophenol / Adults / Asthma / Biomarkers / Bisphenol A / Cancer / Carcinogens / cardiovascular / Cardiovascular disease / Cardiovascular diseases / Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology / Cardiovascular Diseases - urine / Chlorophenols - adverse effects / Chlorophenols - urine / Chronic exposure / Creatinine / Cross-Sectional Studies / Disease control / endocrine disrupters / Environment / Environmental Exposure - adverse effects / Environmental Exposure - analysis / Environmental health / epidemiology / Female / Girls / Gynecological cancer / Health / Heart attacks / Humans / Kidneys / Laboratory animals / Liver / Liver diseases / Logistic Models / Lung cancer / Lung diseases / Male / Medical laboratories / Metabolism / Metabolites / Middle Aged / Neoplasms - epidemiology / Neoplasms - urine / Nutrition / Nutrition Surveys / Obesity / ORIGINAL ARTICLE / Pesticides - adverse effects / Pesticides - urine / Phenols / Prevalence / Procedure manuals / Quartiles / Regression analysis / Regression models / Risk analysis / Risk factors / Thyroid / Thyroid cancer / Thyroid gland / United States - epidemiology / Urine