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Designing cropping systems from nature
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Journal Article
Designing cropping systems from nature
2012
Overview
Despite huge gains in productivity, environmental impacts of industrial agriculture based on a few high-yielding crop cultivars and the massive use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides have led to a search for new pathways leading to more sustainable agriculture in both temperate and tropical regions. New strategies incorporating ecological knowledge gained from the observation of natural ecosystems is an alternative to design “ecologically intensive” agroecosystems. Such systems are indeed both ecological and productive. Designing ecologically intensive agroecosystems calls for in-depth knowledge of biological regulations in ecosystems, and for the integration of traditional agricultural knowledge held by local farmers. This article reviews the main initiatives underlying ecologically intensive agroecosystems, analyses basic concepts, and proposes a framework for action. The rainforest model, the dry forest model, and the American Prairie are exemplified as three main natural systems at the basis of the mimicry concept. The link between biodiversity and the mimicry hypotheses, and the use of the concepts of productivity, efficiency, stability, and resilience for agroecosystems are discussed. Six main principles for cropping system design based on natural ecosystem mimicry are identified. A three-step framework for action is proposed, including nature observation, experimental design, and participatory design. Although far from being a panacea, the mimicry approach can provide new ways for agroecosystem design both in temperate and tropical countries.
Publisher
Springer-Verlag,EDP Sciences,Springer Nature B.V,Springer Verlag/EDP Sciences/INRA
Subject
Agricultural and farming systems
/ Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions
/ Animal, plant and microbial ecology
/ Biological and medical sciences
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Cropping systems. Cultivation. Soil tillage
/ Crops
/ Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
/ General agronomy. Plant production
/ Generalities. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development
/ Generalities. Cropping systems and patterns
/ Mimicry
/ Prairies
